Exam 3: Energy and Enzymes

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -active site A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -metabolic pathway A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -activation energy A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Which of the following best illustrates the first law of thermodynamics by Niagara Falls?

Figure 3-1 -What does it mean when an enzyme is saturated?

Enzymes do not change the ΔG of a reaction.

Which of the following occurs when a reaction reaches equilibrium?

Which of the following best describes a dead cell as a system?

Figure 3-5 -According to the graph in Figure 3-5, what is the optimal pH for enzyme 1?

Which of the following can be said to occur during every energy transformation?

Which of the following best explains why machines can never be 100% efficient?

Explain how temperature can affect enzyme activity.

Which of the following best describes why bricks from a truck fall all over during a traffic accident?

AMP is the primary energy and phosphate source in coupled reactions.

Figure 3-1 -Refer to Figure 3-1. Suppose you conduct an experiment in the laboratory in which you add increasing amounts of substrate to a solution containing an enzyme and a pH buffer. You incubate the container at the optimal temperature for the enzyme. Each time you add more substrate, you measure the rate of the reaction. Also suppose that you graph the results such that the x-axis shows the substrate concentration and the y-axis shows the resulting reaction rate. What will you find over time?

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -ATP A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Which of the following is a correct pair based on their shared characteristics?

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -transition state A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Which of the following best describes why thinking of entropy as disorder is problematic?

Figure 3-5 -Suppose all three enzymes represented in Figure 3-5 catalyze the same reaction, but conditions require you to use a pH of 7. Which is the best enzyme to use?