Question 1

How many separate mosquito species have the name Anopheles maculipennis?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 C

Question 2

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a polyphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Accepted Answer

A)  only some of the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants 
A)  only some of the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants A

Question 3

Which of the following applies to classification of the American black bear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Order Ursidae; Family Carnivora; Genus Ursus; Species Ursus americanus 
B)  Order Carnivora; Family Ursidae; Genus Ursus americanus; Species Ursus 
C)  Order Carnivora; Family Ursidae; Genus Ursus; Species Ursus americanus 
D)  Order Ursidae; Family Carnivora; Genus Ursus americanus; Species Ursus 
A)  Order Ursidae; Family Carnivora; Genus Ursus; Species Ursus americanus 
B)  Order Carnivora; Family Ursidae; Genus Ursus americanus; Species Ursus 
C)  Order Carnivora; Family Ursidae; Genus Ursus; Species Ursus americanus 
D)  Order Ursidae; Family Carnivora; Genus Ursus americanus; Species Ursus C

Question 4

HIV-1 is common in West Africa, and HIV-2 is also common in West Africa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What must characters exhibit to be useful, systematic characters?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic dependence, reflecting the same parts of organisms' genomes 
B)  genetic independence, reflecting the same parts of organisms' genomes 
C)  genetic dependence, reflecting different parts of organisms' genomes 
D)  genetic independence, reflecting different parts of organisms' genomes 
A)  genetic dependence, reflecting the same parts of organisms' genomes 
B)  genetic independence, reflecting the same parts of organisms' genomes 
C)  genetic dependence, reflecting different parts of organisms' genomes 
D)  genetic independence, reflecting different parts of organisms' genomes

Question 6

What do systematists need to consider in order to complete phylogenetic trees or cladograms?

Accepted Answer

A)  similar organisms only 
B)  extinct and extant organisms 
C)  extinct organisms only 
D)  extant organisms only 
A)  similar organisms only 
B)  extinct and extant organisms 
C)  extinct organisms only 
D)  extant organisms only

Question 7

Suppose that you want to use molecular sequencing as a source of phylogenetic data. Which of these techniques would you most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  cloning 
B)  RNA analyses 
C)  replication of DNA 
D)  PCR 
A)  cloning 
B)  RNA analyses 
C)  replication of DNA 
D)  PCR

Question 8

Which finding is the reason that cladistic classification better reflects the evolutionary history of tetrapods than the traditional classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mammals share a more recent common ancestor with lizards. 
B)  Mammals share a more recent common ancestor with turtles. 
C)  Crocodilians share a more recent common ancestor with amphibians. 
D)  Crocodilians share a more recent common ancestor with birds. 
A)  Mammals share a more recent common ancestor with lizards. 
B)  Mammals share a more recent common ancestor with turtles. 
C)  Crocodilians share a more recent common ancestor with amphibians. 
D)  Crocodilians share a more recent common ancestor with birds.

Question 9

What did a phylogenetic tree for strains of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the virus was transmitted to chimpanzees independently of humans and sooty mangabey monkeys 
B)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of chimpanzees and other humans 
C)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of chimpanzees and sooty mangabey monkeys 
D)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of gorillas and chimpanzees 
A)  that the virus was transmitted to chimpanzees independently of humans and sooty mangabey monkeys 
B)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of chimpanzees and other humans 
C)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of chimpanzees and sooty mangabey monkeys 
D)  that the virus was transmitted to humans independently of gorillas and chimpanzees

Question 10

Which of the following best describes why crocodilians are classified with lizards, snakes, and turtles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a common ancestry and are reptiles. 
B)  They have a common ancestry and lay eggs. 
C)  They have a common ancestry and belong to vertebrates. 
D)  They have a common ancestry and are covered with dry, scaly skin. 
A)  They have a common ancestry and are reptiles. 
B)  They have a common ancestry and lay eggs. 
C)  They have a common ancestry and belong to vertebrates. 
D)  They have a common ancestry and are covered with dry, scaly skin.

Question 11

What depicts time on a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal spacing between clades 
B)  the position of the nodes 
C)  the position of the clades 
D)  the position of the branches 
A)  horizontal spacing between clades 
B)  the position of the nodes 
C)  the position of the clades 
D)  the position of the branches

Question 12

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a monophyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Accepted Answer

A)  only the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants 
A)  only the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants

Question 13

When converting a phylogenetic tree into a classification, what do evolutionary biologists try to identify?

Accepted Answer

A)  paraphyletic taxa only 
B)  polyphyletic taxa only 
C)  monophyletic taxa only 
D)  monophyletic and polyphyletic taxa 
A)  paraphyletic taxa only 
B)  polyphyletic taxa only 
C)  monophyletic taxa only 
D)  monophyletic and polyphyletic taxa

Question 14

Considering the phylogenetic tree for Anthropoidea, which of these pairs are more closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  gibbons and humans 
B)  gibbons and chimpanzees 
C)  gibbons and gorillas 
D)  gibbons and orangutans 
A)  gibbons and humans 
B)  gibbons and chimpanzees 
C)  gibbons and gorillas 
D)  gibbons and orangutans

Question 15

A single seed lands on one of a group of isolated islands. Several million years later, its descendants have evolved into a number of new species on the different islands, representing a variety of trees, shrubs, and vines. What is this an example of for that point in time?

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  punctuated equilibrium 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  microevolution 
A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  punctuated equilibrium 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  microevolution

Question 16

The reliability of molecular clocks depends on the constancy of evolutionary change in the DNA segment analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Suppose that you want to index the time at which two species diverged, if mutations accumulated in their DNA segments. What would you use the differences in their DNA sequences for?

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular clock 
B)  phylogenetic tree 
C)  monophyletic grouping 
D)  paraphyletic grouping 
A)  molecular clock 
B)  phylogenetic tree 
C)  monophyletic grouping 
D)  paraphyletic grouping

Question 18

Australia and Eurasia each have a mouse-like mammal-one a marsupial, the other a placental. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-distance migration 
B)  homology 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  convergent evolution 
A)  long-distance migration 
B)  homology 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  convergent evolution

Question 19

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-evolutionary history

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup 
A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup

Question 20

What are the wing skeletons of birds and bats an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous structures 
B)  heterologous structures 
C)  convergent evolution 
D)  same species 
A)  homologous structures 
B)  heterologous structures 
C)  convergent evolution 
D)  same species

Exam 19: Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

How many separate mosquito species have the name Anopheles maculipennis?

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a polyphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Which of the following applies to classification of the American black bear?

HIV-1 is common in West Africa, and HIV-2 is also common in West Africa.

What must characters exhibit to be useful, systematic characters?

What do systematists need to consider in order to complete phylogenetic trees or cladograms?

Suppose that you want to use molecular sequencing as a source of phylogenetic data. Which of these techniques would you most likely use?

Which finding is the reason that cladistic classification better reflects the evolutionary history of tetrapods than the traditional classification?

What did a phylogenetic tree for strains of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus suggest?

Which of the following best describes why crocodilians are classified with lizards, snakes, and turtles?

What depicts time on a phylogenetic tree?

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a monophyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

When converting a phylogenetic tree into a classification, what do evolutionary biologists try to identify?

Considering the phylogenetic tree for Anthropoidea, which of these pairs are more closely related?

A single seed lands on one of a group of isolated islands. Several million years later, its descendants have evolved into a number of new species on the different islands, representing a variety of trees, shrubs, and vines. What is this an example of for that point in time?

The reliability of molecular clocks depends on the constancy of evolutionary change in the DNA segment analyzed.

Suppose that you want to index the time at which two species diverged, if mutations accumulated in their DNA segments. What would you use the differences in their DNA sequences for?

Australia and Eurasia each have a mouse-like mammal-one a marsupial, the other a placental. What is this an example of?

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -evolutionary history

What are the wing skeletons of birds and bats an example of?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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