Question 1

Reiji Okazaki discovered that "Okazaki fragments" are produced during DNA replication. What are Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  short lengths of new DNA on the leading strand 
B)  RNA primers on both the lagging and leading strand 
C)  RNA primers on the lagging strand 
D)  short lengths of new DNA on the lagging strand 
A)  short lengths of new DNA on the leading strand 
B)  RNA primers on both the lagging and leading strand 
C)  RNA primers on the lagging strand 
D)  short lengths of new DNA on the lagging strand D

Question 2

Figure 11-2  
-In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled A represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded binding protein 
B)  helicase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  single-stranded binding protein 
B)  helicase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  DNA ligase D

Question 3

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with.
-showed that the genetic material of bacteriophage T2 is DNA

Accepted Answer

A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl 
A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl D

Question 4

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complementary sequence that would bind to the DNA strand 5'-GACGTT-3'?

Accepted Answer

A)  3'-TCATGG-5' 
B)  3'-CTGCAA-5' 
C)  3'-AGTACC-5' 
D)  5'-TCATGG-3' 
A)  3'-TCATGG-5' 
B)  3'-CTGCAA-5' 
C)  3'-AGTACC-5' 
D)  5'-TCATGG-3'

Question 5

Which of the following describes the composition of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 amino acids 
B)  a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and 1 of 20 amino acids 
C)  a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases 
D)  a 6-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 20 amino acids 
A)  a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 amino acids 
B)  a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and 1 of 20 amino acids 
C)  a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases 
D)  a 6-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and 1 of 20 amino acids

Question 6

Which of the following assembles a short RNA chain as the first nucleotides in a new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  primase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  helicase 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  primase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  helicase

Question 7

Which type of molecule was the 32P used to label in the Hershey Chase experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA molecule 
B)  a protein molecule 
C)  a RNA molecule 
D)  a phospholipid molecule 
A)  a DNA molecule 
B)  a protein molecule 
C)  a RNA molecule 
D)  a phospholipid molecule

Question 8

Figure 11-2  
-In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled E represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  single-stranded binding protein 
C)  DNA ligase 
D)  helicase 
A)  primase 
B)  single-stranded binding protein 
C)  DNA ligase 
D)  helicase

Question 9

Which cells in a multicellular organism most likely contain inactive telomerases?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic cells 
B)  embryonic cells 
C)  germ line cells 
D)  immune cells 
A)  somatic cells 
B)  embryonic cells 
C)  germ line cells 
D)  immune cells

Question 10

Which of the following techniques did Wilkins and Franklin use to study the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  electron microscopy 
B)  X-ray diffraction 
C)  molecular scale models of nucleotides 
D)  computer-assisted graphics 
A)  electron microscopy 
B)  X-ray diffraction 
C)  molecular scale models of nucleotides 
D)  computer-assisted graphics

Question 11

Suppose that DNA repair enzymes cut out part of a DNA strand that had an incorrect nucleotide. Which two enzymes are needed to complete the repair?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase and primase 
B)  DNA polymerase and DNA ligase 
C)  primase and sliding clamp 
D)  primase and DNA ligase 
A)  DNA polymerase and primase 
B)  DNA polymerase and DNA ligase 
C)  primase and sliding clamp 
D)  primase and DNA ligase

Question 12

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with.
-showed that DNA replication in Escherichia coli is semiconservative

Accepted Answer

A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl 
A) Watson and Crick 
B) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty 
C) Frederick Griffith 
D) Hershey and Chase 
E) Meselson and Stahl

Question 13

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, why was the pellet radioactive after bacteria had been infected with 32P-labelled viruses and centrifuged?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell membranes. 
B)  The virus particles had incorporated radioactive proteins from the bacterial DNA. 
C)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive DNA. 
D)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive proteins into their DNA. 
A)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell membranes. 
B)  The virus particles had incorporated radioactive proteins from the bacterial DNA. 
C)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive DNA. 
D)  The bacteria had incorporated radioactive proteins into their DNA.

Question 14

Which enzymes perform proofreading during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA ligase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  primase 
D)  telomerase 
A)  DNA ligase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  primase 
D)  telomerase

Question 15

Where are telomeres located?

Accepted Answer

A)  within genes 
B)  in the middle of chromosomes 
C)  at the ends of a chromosome 
D)  at replication origins 
A)  within genes 
B)  in the middle of chromosomes 
C)  at the ends of a chromosome 
D)  at replication origins

Question 16

What happens when living R strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria are mixed with heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The S strain bacteria are transformed into R strain bacteria. 
B)  The S strain bacteria come back to life. 
C)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria remain dead. 
D)  The R strain bacteria are transformed into S strain bacteria. 
A)  The S strain bacteria are transformed into R strain bacteria. 
B)  The S strain bacteria come back to life. 
C)  The R strain bacteria are killed, and the S strain bacteria remain dead. 
D)  The R strain bacteria are transformed into S strain bacteria.

Question 17

What are replisomes? Explain their function.

Accepted Answer

Replication occurs at a rapid rate. At t

Question 18

How are adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA connected to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  by a hydrophobic interaction 
B)  by a phosphodiester bond 
C)  by a peptide bond 
D)  by a hydrogen bond 
A)  by a hydrophobic interaction 
B)  by a phosphodiester bond 
C)  by a peptide bond 
D)  by a hydrogen bond

Question 19

Why does DNA replication proceed continuously on the leading strand and discontinuously on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  because DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in only one direction 
B)  because DNA ligase operates in only one direction 
C)  because DNA polymerase contains more than one subunit 
D)  because DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in two directions 
A)  because DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in only one direction 
B)  because DNA ligase operates in only one direction 
C)  because DNA polymerase contains more than one subunit 
D)  because DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in two directions

Question 20

Which sentence best explains why, during DNA replication, DNA ligase is most active on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lagging strand requires DNA ligase to couple the RNA primer to the Okazaki fragments. 
B)  The lagging strand synthesizes DNA in the 3' 
C)  The lagging strand is synthesized more slowly, and DNA ligase speeds up the DNA polymerase. 
D)  The lagging strand contains more short DNA segments than the leading strand, and these short segments are joined together by DNA ligase. 
A)  The lagging strand requires DNA ligase to couple the RNA primer to the Okazaki fragments. 
B)  The lagging strand synthesizes DNA in the 3' 
C)  The lagging strand is synthesized more slowly, and DNA ligase speeds up the DNA polymerase. 
D)  The lagging strand contains more short DNA segments than the leading strand, and these short segments are joined together by DNA ligase.

Exam 11: DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Reiji Okazaki discovered that "Okazaki fragments" are produced during DNA replication. What are Okazaki fragments?

Figure 11-2 -In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled A represent?

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with. -showed that the genetic material of bacteriophage T2 is DNA

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complementary sequence that would bind to the DNA strand 5'-GACGTT-3'?

Which of the following describes the composition of a nucleotide?

Which of the following assembles a short RNA chain as the first nucleotides in a new DNA strand?

Which type of molecule was the 32P used to label in the Hershey Chase experiment?

Figure 11-2 -In Figure 11-2, what does the structure labelled E represent?

Which cells in a multicellular organism most likely contain inactive telomerases?

Which of the following techniques did Wilkins and Franklin use to study the structure of DNA?

Suppose that DNA repair enzymes cut out part of a DNA strand that had an incorrect nucleotide. Which two enzymes are needed to complete the repair?

Match each researcher or set of researchers with the discovery or experiment each is associated with. -showed that DNA replication in Escherichia coli is semiconservative

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, why was the pellet radioactive after bacteria had been infected with 32P-labelled viruses and centrifuged?

Which enzymes perform proofreading during DNA replication?

Where are telomeres located?

What happens when living R strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria are mixed with heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria?

What are replisomes? Explain their function.

How are adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA connected to each other?

Why does DNA replication proceed continuously on the leading strand and discontinuously on the lagging strand?

Which sentence best explains why, during DNA replication, DNA ligase is most active on the lagging strand?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Which type of molecule was the ³²P used to label in the Hershey Chase experiment?

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, why was the pellet radioactive after bacteria had been infected with ³²P-labelled viruses and centrifuged?