Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of a current use of bioinformatics?

Accepted Answer

A)  locating individual genes in a genomic sequence 
B)  aligning sequences in databases to determine similarities between organisms 
C)  predicting the structure and function of gene products 
D)  determining the final protein structure of novel proteins based on just the nucleotide sequence 
A)  locating individual genes in a genomic sequence 
B)  aligning sequences in databases to determine similarities between organisms 
C)  predicting the structure and function of gene products 
D)  determining the final protein structure of novel proteins based on just the nucleotide sequence D

Question 2

What are the relationships among the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Viruses have the smallest genomes of these four types of organisms. Bacterial and archaean genomes are similar in size to each other. Eukaryotes have the largest genome sizes of these four groups. There is overlap among the groups, however, in that viral genome sizes overlap with genomes from archaea/bacteria, and eukaryote genome sizes overlap with genomes from archaea/bacteria.

Question 3

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below.
-used to replace a normal gene with a defective one to see the effect

Accepted Answer

A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown 
A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown E

Question 4

Which of these statements best describes the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are about 12 000 genes that do not encode proteins. 
B)  Each gene averages 30 regulatory sequences for expression. 
C)  There are no pseudogenes. 
D)  There are, on average, 10 exons per gene. 
A)  There are about 12 000 genes that do not encode proteins. 
B)  Each gene averages 30 regulatory sequences for expression. 
C)  There are no pseudogenes. 
D)  There are, on average, 10 exons per gene.

Question 5

How can microarrays help us understand cellular functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microarrays let us study different cells under different conditions. 
B)  Microarrays let us directly measure protein expression in individual cells. 
C)  Microarrays, by hybridizing cDNAs to DNA sequences already present on a chip, let us identify which portions of a genome are being expressed in a cell at a particular time. 
D)  Microarrays let us identify which DNA sequences are present in a particular cell type under certain conditions. 
A)  Microarrays let us study different cells under different conditions. 
B)  Microarrays let us directly measure protein expression in individual cells. 
C)  Microarrays, by hybridizing cDNAs to DNA sequences already present on a chip, let us identify which portions of a genome are being expressed in a cell at a particular time. 
D)  Microarrays let us identify which DNA sequences are present in a particular cell type under certain conditions.

Question 6

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below.
-used to decrease a gene's expression to see the effect

Accepted Answer

A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown 
A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of evolving genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  a gene duplication from unequal crossing-over 
B)  a gene duplication from replicating transposable elements 
C)  a gene duplication from crossing-over 
D)  an exon shuffling 
A)  a gene duplication from unequal crossing-over 
B)  a gene duplication from replicating transposable elements 
C)  a gene duplication from crossing-over 
D)  an exon shuffling

Question 8

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below.
-used to compare the gene expression patterns of identical cells under different conditions

Accepted Answer

A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown 
A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown

Question 9

In the microarray shown in your textbook, the cDNAs were labelled with red and green fluorescent tags. How then do you end up with spots on the microarray emitting yellow light?

Accepted Answer

A)  In light, red and green are two of the primary colours, and the combination of the two will produce yellow light. 
B)  The yellow light comes from the laser, and a yellow spot indicates that neither cDNA hybridized to that spot on the microarray. 
C)  The over expression of one cDNA relative to the other will skew the colour pattern of the spot on the microarray. This results in the yellow colour. 
D)  The colour choice was an arbitrary decision by the artist and doesn't reflect how the process actually works. 
A)  In light, red and green are two of the primary colours, and the combination of the two will produce yellow light. 
B)  The yellow light comes from the laser, and a yellow spot indicates that neither cDNA hybridized to that spot on the microarray. 
C)  The over expression of one cDNA relative to the other will skew the colour pattern of the spot on the microarray. This results in the yellow colour. 
D)  The colour choice was an arbitrary decision by the artist and doesn't reflect how the process actually works.

Question 10

What are the main differences among the studies of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the study of whole genomes a

Question 11

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Accepted Answer

There are limits to what genome sequenci

Question 12

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-transcriptome

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Question 13

Which of the following is your "C-value"?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA size 
B)  genome size 
C)  chromosome size 
D)  DNA size 
A)  RNA size 
B)  genome size 
C)  chromosome size 
D)  DNA size

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT added to a single-stranded DNA in order to perform a successful sequencing reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  a mixture of the four dideoxyribonucleotides, not labelled with a different fluorescent label 
B)  a DNA primer 
C)  a mixture of the four deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  a DNA polymerase 
A)  a mixture of the four dideoxyribonucleotides, not labelled with a different fluorescent label 
B)  a DNA primer 
C)  a mixture of the four deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  a DNA polymerase

Question 15

Which of the following is the reason why the genes of living organisms tend to be similar to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  All genes are old. 
B)  All genes are new. 
C)  They have evolved from ancestral genes in ancestral organisms. 
D)  They have not evolved from ancestral genes in ancestral organisms. 
A)  All genes are old. 
B)  All genes are new. 
C)  They have evolved from ancestral genes in ancestral organisms. 
D)  They have not evolved from ancestral genes in ancestral organisms.

Question 16

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-genomics

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 17

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-cellular proteomics

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 18

Which of the following is the name of the study of the complete set of transcripts in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  genome 
B)  transcriptome 
C)  proteome 
D)  interactome 
A)  genome 
B)  transcriptome 
C)  proteome 
D)  interactome

Question 19

Which of these techniques would a company that analyzes personal genomes most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA cloning 
B)  gene cloning 
C)  PCR 
D)  fingerprinting 
A)  DNA cloning 
B)  gene cloning 
C)  PCR 
D)  fingerprinting

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a model organism whose genomes were sequenced as part of the original Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mus musculus (mouse) 
B)  Escherichia coli (bacteria) 
C)  Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 
D)  Danio rerio (zebrafish) 
A)  Mus musculus (mouse) 
B)  Escherichia coli (bacteria) 
C)  Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 
D)  Danio rerio (zebrafish)

Exam 15: Genomes

Which of the following is NOT an example of a current use of bioinformatics?

What are the relationships among the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below. -used to replace a normal gene with a defective one to see the effect

Which of these statements best describes the human genome?

How can microarrays help us understand cellular functions?

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below. -used to decrease a gene's expression to see the effect

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of evolving genes?

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below. -used to compare the gene expression patterns of identical cells under different conditions

In the microarray shown in your textbook, the cDNAs were labelled with red and green fluorescent tags. How then do you end up with spots on the microarray emitting yellow light?

What are the main differences among the studies of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -transcriptome

Which of the following is your "C-value"?

Which of the following is NOT added to a single-stranded DNA in order to perform a successful sequencing reaction?

Which of the following is the reason why the genes of living organisms tend to be similar to each other?

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -genomics

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -cellular proteomics

Which of the following is the name of the study of the complete set of transcripts in a cell?

Which of these techniques would a company that analyzes personal genomes most likely use?

Which of the following is NOT a model organism whose genomes were sequenced as part of the original Human Genome Project?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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