Question 1

Match each term with its definition.
-operon

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter I

Question 2

Which of the following genes encode proteins that generally stimulate cell division in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  proto-suppressor genes 
B)  proto-oncogenes 
C)  oncogenes 
D)  tumour suppressor genes 
A)  proto-suppressor genes 
B)  proto-oncogenes 
C)  oncogenes 
D)  tumour suppressor genes B

Question 3

Match each term with its definition.
-benign

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter J

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical separation of transcription and translation occurs in eukaryotes, but no separation occurs in prokaryotes. 
B)  Genes are arranged in order in eukaryotes, but the order is random in prokaryotes. 
C)  Near simultaneous transcription and translation occurs in eukaryotes, but they are strictly sequential in prokaryotes. 
D)  Gene expression is highly regulated in eukaryotes, but there is a lack of control of gene expression in prokaryotes. 
A)  Physical separation of transcription and translation occurs in eukaryotes, but no separation occurs in prokaryotes. 
B)  Genes are arranged in order in eukaryotes, but the order is random in prokaryotes. 
C)  Near simultaneous transcription and translation occurs in eukaryotes, but they are strictly sequential in prokaryotes. 
D)  Gene expression is highly regulated in eukaryotes, but there is a lack of control of gene expression in prokaryotes.

Question 5

Match each term with its definition.
-metastasis

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 6

What is the default state of a repressible operon such as the trp operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  normal transcription 
B)  no transcription 
C)  low level transcription 
D)  high level transcription 
A)  normal transcription 
B)  no transcription 
C)  low level transcription 
D)  high level transcription

Question 7

Any gene could, theoretically, be specifically silenced by RNAi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why E. coli shuts down the trp operon if tryptophan is available in the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not shut down the trp operon, it only lowers the level of trp operon activity. 
B)  The trp operon encodes genes that export tryptophan from the cell; if tryptophan already occurs in the environment, further export is not necessary. 
C)  Synthesizing an amino acid takes energy, so it is a waste of energy to make something that is already available. 
D)  Environmental tryptophan is of higher quality than what the E. coli can make itself. 
A)  It does not shut down the trp operon, it only lowers the level of trp operon activity. 
B)  The trp operon encodes genes that export tryptophan from the cell; if tryptophan already occurs in the environment, further export is not necessary. 
C)  Synthesizing an amino acid takes energy, so it is a waste of energy to make something that is already available. 
D)  Environmental tryptophan is of higher quality than what the E. coli can make itself.

Question 9

Where does RNA polymerase first bind to on the E. coli lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  to the transcription initiation site 
B)  to the lacI repressor 
C)  to the promoter 
D)  to the operator 
A)  to the transcription initiation site 
B)  to the lacI repressor 
C)  to the promoter 
D)  to the operator

Question 10

An operator and transcription unit are called an operon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following determines the availability of finished proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  translational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  posttranscriptional regulation 
D)  posttranslational regulation 
A)  translational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  posttranscriptional regulation 
D)  posttranslational regulation

Question 12

Identify each labelled part on the illustration of the Lac operon.  
-lac operon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each labelled part on the illustration...

Question 13

When DNA is imprinted, the methylation pattern is preserved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which types of proteins do proto-oncogenes tend to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein phosphorylases 
B)  membrane-associated proteins 
C)  extracellular receptors and protein kinases 
D)  intracellular receptors 
A)  protein phosphorylases 
B)  membrane-associated proteins 
C)  extracellular receptors and protein kinases 
D)  intracellular receptors

Question 15

Which of the following determines the rate at which proteins are made?

Accepted Answer

A)  translational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  posttranslational regulation 
D)  posttranscriptional regulation 
A)  translational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  posttranslational regulation 
D)  posttranscriptional regulation

Question 16

Which statement refers to genomic imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A)  An allele of a given gene is spliced during gametogenesis. 
B)  An allele of a given gene is enhanced during gametogenesis. 
C)  An allele of a given gene is activated during gametogenesis. 
D)  An allele of a given gene is silenced during gametogenesis. 
A)  An allele of a given gene is spliced during gametogenesis. 
B)  An allele of a given gene is enhanced during gametogenesis. 
C)  An allele of a given gene is activated during gametogenesis. 
D)  An allele of a given gene is silenced during gametogenesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is part of posttranslational modification?

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical modification of proteins 
B)  cleavage of poly(
A)  tails from mRNA 
C)  chromatin remodelling 
D)  the binding of miRNAs to mRNA 
A)  the chemical modification of proteins 
B)  cleavage of poly(
A)  tails from mRNA 
C)  chromatin remodelling 
D)  the binding of miRNAs to mRNA

Question 18

Identify each labelled part of this illustration of eukaryotic DNA.  
-promoter

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each labelled part of this illustration...

Question 19

What happens to a protein when it is tagged with ubiquitin?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protein is sent to the nucleus. 
B)  The ubiquitin enzyme degrades the protein. 
C)  The protein is sent to the proteasome and is hydrolyzed to amino acids. 
D)  The ubiquitin unfolds the protein. 
A)  The protein is sent to the nucleus. 
B)  The ubiquitin enzyme degrades the protein. 
C)  The protein is sent to the proteasome and is hydrolyzed to amino acids. 
D)  The ubiquitin unfolds the protein.

Question 20

Suppose that a strain of E. coli containing a mutant lac operon is discovered. Also suppose that the mutant operon is normal in terms of its regulation, but the lacY gene produces a defective protein. Which metabolic function will be impaired in this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  transport of lactose into the cell 
B)  transacetylase 
C)  binding of the repressor to the operator 
D)  conversion of lactose into monosaccharides 
A)  transport of lactose into the cell 
B)  transacetylase 
C)  binding of the repressor to the operator 
D)  conversion of lactose into monosaccharides

Exam 13: Regulation of Gene Expression

Match each term with its definition. -operon

Which of the following genes encode proteins that generally stimulate cell division in normal cells?

Match each term with its definition. -benign

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes?

Match each term with its definition. -metastasis

What is the default state of a repressible operon such as the trp operon?

Any gene could, theoretically, be specifically silenced by RNAi.

Which of the following best explains why E. coli shuts down the trp operon if tryptophan is available in the environment?

Where does RNA polymerase first bind to on the E. coli lac operon?

An operator and transcription unit are called an operon.

Which of the following determines the availability of finished proteins?

Identify each labelled part on the illustration of the Lac operon. -lac operon

When DNA is imprinted, the methylation pattern is preserved.

Which types of proteins do proto-oncogenes tend to be?

Which of the following determines the rate at which proteins are made?

Which statement refers to genomic imprinting?

Which of the following is part of posttranslational modification?

Identify each labelled part of this illustration of eukaryotic DNA. -promoter

What happens to a protein when it is tagged with ubiquitin?

Suppose that a strain of E. coli containing a mutant lac operon is discovered. Also suppose that the mutant operon is normal in terms of its regulation, but the lacY gene produces a defective protein. Which metabolic function will be impaired in this bacterium?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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