Question 1

In terms of homeothermy, newborn mammals _______ adult mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  are less capable than 
B)  are more capable than 
C)  as capable as 
D)  It varies depending on the mammal species. 
A)  are less capable than 
B)  are more capable than 
C)  as capable as 
D)  It varies depending on the mammal species.

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  If the heights of aristocratic children living during the 1830s were charted, this line would fall _______ on the figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  above line I 
B)  a little below line I 
C)  between lines II and III 
D)  below line III 
A)  above line I 
B)  a little below line I 
C)  between lines II and III 
D)  below line III

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which of the following populations in the figure are from the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population I 
B)  Population II 
C)  Population III 
D)  Populations I and II 
A)  Population I 
B)  Population II 
C)  Population III 
D)  Populations I and II

Question 4

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the data in the figure, when is the rat's blood glucose regulation fully functional?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  Within a week following birth 
C)  By day 20 
D)  After day 24 
A)  At birth 
B)  Within a week following birth 
C)  By day 20 
D)  After day 24

Question 5

If DNA methylation is blocked early in a developing worker honeybee, it develops into a

Accepted Answer

A)  larger worker honeybee. 
B)  male drone honeybee. 
C)  queen honeybee. 
D)  fertile worker honeybee. 
A)  larger worker honeybee. 
B)  male drone honeybee. 
C)  queen honeybee. 
D)  fertile worker honeybee.

Question 6

Refer to the figure shown.
  The y axis in the figure refers to which unit of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grams 
B)  Liters 
C)  mL O2 
D)  mL O2/kg 
A)  Grams 
B)  Liters 
C)  mL O2 
D)  mL O2/kg

Question 7

Refer to the graphs shown.
  The patterns in figures _______ and _______ are fundamental drivers of the pattern observed in figure _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  III, IV, II 
B)  I, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III 
D)  II, IV, I 
A)  III, IV, II 
B)  I, III, IV 
C)  I, II, III 
D)  II, IV, I

Question 8

We know the environment can have significant effects on development. Discuss how these effects can be adaptive or pathological. Provide examples of each.

Accepted Answer

The example of poor developmental nutrit

Question 9

When dietary protein is inadequate, a rat

Accepted Answer

A)  grows up to be deficient in its ability to learn. 
B)  will be stunted in its growth. 
C)  reproduces less frequently than normal. 
D)  can compensate by eating more fats. 
A)  grows up to be deficient in its ability to learn. 
B)  will be stunted in its growth. 
C)  reproduces less frequently than normal. 
D)  can compensate by eating more fats.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is generally associated with increased gene expression. 
B)  It is generally associated with reduced gene expression. 
C)  It is not generally associated with changes in gene expression. 
D)  It is generally not a heritable trait. 
A)  It is generally associated with increased gene expression. 
B)  It is generally associated with reduced gene expression. 
C)  It is not generally associated with changes in gene expression. 
D)  It is generally not a heritable trait.

Question 11

Which characteristic does not appear in the gregarious phenotypes of migratory locusts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence of wings 
B)  Swarming behavior 
C)  Fasting behavior 
D)  Camouflaged coloration 
A)  Presence of wings 
B)  Swarming behavior 
C)  Fasting behavior 
D)  Camouflaged coloration

Question 12

Refer to the graphs shown.
  What physiological concept is being shown by the data in the figures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homeothermy 
B)  The development of thermoregulation 
C)  The ontogeny of metabolic rate 
D)  Insulation 
A)  Homeothermy 
B)  The development of thermoregulation 
C)  The ontogeny of metabolic rate 
D)  Insulation

Question 13

Explain how the burgeoning field of epigenetics is providing a new dimension to the study of the interaction between genes and the environment.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of epigenetics discredits

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  What process is shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epigenetic marking 
B)  Genotypic plasticity 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Genomic imprinting 
A)  Epigenetic marking 
B)  Genotypic plasticity 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Genomic imprinting

Question 15

Which mechanism is not used for epigenetic marking?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylation 
B)  mRNA methylation 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Histone phosphorylation 
A)  DNA methylation 
B)  mRNA methylation 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Histone phosphorylation

Question 16

Refer to the figure shown.
  If additional data were added to the figure, the developmental trajectory would show

Accepted Answer

A)  an overall increase. 
B)  an overall decrease. 
C)  a steady level or an overall increase. 
D)  a steady level, an overall increase, or an overall decrease. 
A)  an overall increase. 
B)  an overall decrease. 
C)  a steady level or an overall increase. 
D)  a steady level, an overall increase, or an overall decrease.

Question 17

The human _______ has(have) attained its(their) fully grown size by the time a person is 7 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain 
B)  lungs 
C)  liver 
D)  gonads 
A)  brain 
B)  lungs 
C)  liver 
D)  gonads

Question 18

Which process describes a mechanism whereby environmental effects are transmitted from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection 
B)  Histone modification 
C)  Phenotypic plasticity 
D)  Genetic drift 
A)  Natural selection 
B)  Histone modification 
C)  Phenotypic plasticity 
D)  Genetic drift

Question 19

What is altered during an epigenetic modification?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intron of the DNA 
B)  Gene expression 
C)  The gene 
D)  The mRNA 
A)  The intron of the DNA 
B)  Gene expression 
C)  The gene 
D)  The mRNA

Exam 4: Physiological Development and Epigenetics

In terms of homeothermy, newborn mammals _______ adult mammals.

Refer to the figure shown. If the heights of aristocratic children living during the 1830s were charted, this line would fall _______ on the figure.

Refer to the figure shown. Which of the following populations in the figure are from the twentieth century?

Refer to the figure shown. According to the data in the figure, when is the rat's blood glucose regulation fully functional?

If DNA methylation is blocked early in a developing worker honeybee, it develops into a

Refer to the figure shown. The y axis in the figure refers to which unit of measurement?

Refer to the graphs shown. The patterns in figures _______ and _______ are fundamental drivers of the pattern observed in figure _______.

We know the environment can have significant effects on development. Discuss how these effects can be adaptive or pathological. Provide examples of each.

When dietary protein is inadequate, a rat

Which of the following statements about DNA methylation is true?

Which characteristic does not appear in the gregarious phenotypes of migratory locusts?

Refer to the graphs shown. What physiological concept is being shown by the data in the figures?

Explain how the burgeoning field of epigenetics is providing a new dimension to the study of the interaction between genes and the environment.

Refer to the figure shown. What process is shown in the figure?

Which mechanism is not used for epigenetic marking?

Refer to the figure shown. If additional data were added to the figure, the developmental trajectory would show

The human _______ has(have) attained its(their) fully grown size by the time a person is 7 years of age.

Which process describes a mechanism whereby environmental effects are transmitted from one generation to the next?

What is altered during an epigenetic modification?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Refer to the graphs shown. The patterns in figures ___ and _ are fundamental drivers of the pattern observed in figure _____.