Question 1

An r-value of .15 would indicate a very strong relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

A Pearson correlation test is the most commonly used measure of association in statistics; it involves using an r-value to represent the strength of association between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Please match the definition with scales of measurements .
-Uses numbers to classify equal distances between units of measurements, having an absolutely zero point

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio D

Question 4

Which of the following study characteristics would require the use of nonparametric statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A continuous measure for the dependent variable 
B)  A normal sample distribution 
C)  Heterogeneity of variance 
D)  A large sample size 
A)  A continuous measure for the dependent variable 
B)  A normal sample distribution 
C)  Heterogeneity of variance 
D)  A large sample size

Question 5

The point of hypothesis testing is to be able to reject the alternative hypothesis, in which the alternative hypothesis states that an observed difference or outcome is due to chance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type or application of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive statistics 
B)  Hypotheses testing 
C)  Parametric statistics 
D)  Nonparametric statistics 
A)  Descriptive statistics 
B)  Hypotheses testing 
C)  Parametric statistics 
D)  Nonparametric statistics

Question 7

Please match the definition with scales of measurements .
-Uses numbers in which the differences between values can be quantified in absolute but not relative terms and for which any zero is merely arbitrary

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio

Question 8

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the p-value in inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The measure of the likelihood that an observed difference (or improvement) occurs by chance 
B)  A measure used as a cutoff for statistical significance 
C)  A measure of sampling error 
D)  A measure of the strength of an association 
A)  The measure of the likelihood that an observed difference (or improvement) occurs by chance 
B)  A measure used as a cutoff for statistical significance 
C)  A measure of sampling error 
D)  A measure of the strength of an association

Question 9

Please match the definition with scales of measurements .
-Uses numbers to classify ranked categories not representing an amount; is a categorical label indicating rank within a distribution of categories

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio

Question 10

In a standard normal distribution, the deviations from zero occur symmetrically in units of standard deviation at both the positive and negative ends of the possible range of choices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency (f) representing the number of counts of a data point within a category 
B)  Are used to describe or summarize characteristics within a collection of data 
C)  May be used to demonstrate an effect size of an intervention 
D)  Are often used to describe the demographics of a sample used for a research study 
A)  Frequency (f) representing the number of counts of a data point within a category 
B)  Are used to describe or summarize characteristics within a collection of data 
C)  May be used to demonstrate an effect size of an intervention 
D)  Are often used to describe the demographics of a sample used for a research study

Question 12

Statistics in occupational therapy are the means by which data are collected, organized, and analyzed as well as presented to serve objectives in a research study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Please match the definition with scales of measurements .
-A scale with two or more categories that represent named classifications; are not ordered in relationship to one another

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio

Question 14

Most researchers prefer to use nonparametric tests because they allow researchers to be more confident about their conclusions, as well as allow them a wider range of available choices of tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Deciding on an Approach to Data Analysis

An r-value of .15 would indicate a very strong relationship between variables.

A Pearson correlation test is the most commonly used measure of association in statistics; it involves using an r-value to represent the strength of association between two variables.

Please match the definition with scales of measurements . -Uses numbers to classify equal distances between units of measurements, having an absolutely zero point

Which of the following study characteristics would require the use of nonparametric statistics?

The point of hypothesis testing is to be able to reject the alternative hypothesis, in which the alternative hypothesis states that an observed difference or outcome is due to chance.

Which of the following is not a type or application of inferential statistics?

Please match the definition with scales of measurements . -Uses numbers in which the differences between values can be quantified in absolute but not relative terms and for which any zero is merely arbitrary

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the p-value in inferential statistics?

Please match the definition with scales of measurements . -Uses numbers to classify ranked categories not representing an amount; is a categorical label indicating rank within a distribution of categories

In a standard normal distribution, the deviations from zero occur symmetrically in units of standard deviation at both the positive and negative ends of the possible range of choices.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of descriptive statistics?

Statistics in occupational therapy are the means by which data are collected, organized, and analyzed as well as presented to serve objectives in a research study.

Please match the definition with scales of measurements . -A scale with two or more categories that represent named classifications; are not ordered in relationship to one another

Most researchers prefer to use nonparametric tests because they allow researchers to be more confident about their conclusions, as well as allow them a wider range of available choices of tests.

Occupational Therapy As an Evidence-Based Practice Profession

Classifications and Aims of Research

Philosophical Foundations of Research

Reading and Understanding Published and Presented Research

Critically Appraising and Classifying Published and Presented Research

Managing Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice: An International Imperative

Professional Responsibility and Roles in Research

The Role of Theory in Occupational Therapy

Steps in the Research Process and Characteristics of Sound Research

Conducting a Literature Review

Generating Research Questions and Defining Specific Aims and Hypotheses

Selecting the Research Method

Writing the Research Proposal

Ensuring Ethical Research

Securing Samples and Performance Sites

Design Considerations in Qualitative Research

Collecting Qualitative Data

Contemporary Tools for Managing and Analyzing Qualitative Data

Qualitative Approaches to Interpreting and Reporting Data

Quantitative Research Designs: Defining Variables and Their Relationships With One Another

Developing and Evaluating Quantitative Data Collection Instruments

Collecting Quantitative Data

Entering, Storing, and Managing Data

Meta-Analysis

Single-Subject Research

Survey Research

Needs Assessment Research

Program Evaluation Research

Participatory Research Approaches

Writing a Literature Review

Disseminating Research: Presenting, Writing, and Publishing

Writing a Grant Proposal

Using Mixed-Methods Designs to Study Therapy and Its Outcomes

Creating Outcomes Research for Evidence-Based Practice

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