Exam 3: Philosophical Foundations of Research

The philosophical foundations of research may be seen by their influence on contemporary research methods. Which of the following statements is true regarding this influence?

Conservative interpretations of postmodernist thought can be observed through the perspectives of disability studies and other relativistic approaches to knowledge generation.

Please match description appropriate with philosophical perspectives -The philosophy that argued that pure logic may be used to connect the natural world to scientific knowledge, and that absolute truth may be developed through this process.

Contemporary methods recognize that it is not possible to undertake research without some underlying theory and first principles, even if they are not made explicit.

While perspectives toward the creation of knowledge have varied throughout the various philosophical foundations of science, one common shared belief was that true knowledge was paramount and infallible once supported by evidence.

The modernist perspective is that research is often tied to particular ideologies and further is used to reinforce power structures and to disenfranchise or oppress groups.

Please match description appropriate with philosophical perspectives -The philosophy that argued that theory imparts meaning on, rather than extracts meaning from, the natural world. It is a creation of the human mind that makes sense of the world, and may be corrected through empirical research.

Most scientific approaches towards knowledge development in occupational therapy derive from the historical periods of classicism and postmodernism.

Mixed-methods research represents a blend of philosophical perspectives, including primarily those of logical positivism, critical modernism, and postmodernism.

Please match description appropriate with philosophical perspectives -The philosophy that argued that knowledge does not demonstrate facts regarding the natural world, but rather is created as a particular perspective of a particular group of people who have a particular purpose in mind.

Please match description appropriate with philosophical perspectives -The philosophy that argued that any theory is a possible, but not necessarily infallible, explanation; its ability to approach the truth is contingent on whether statements that are logically deduced from it hold up in the natural world.

Which of the following statements regarding the contemporary process for conducting research is false?

A researcher's preference toward adhering to a particular research approach for knowledge development is defined as his or her:

Classicism may be attributed with developing some of the original principles of the scientific method. The principal problem with classicism was that:

The scientific parable of Newton devising his theory of gravity based on observations of the natural world (i.e., an apple falling on his head) is an example of what type of logic?