Question 1

Ethnography is concerned with sampling a population with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following does not serve as a description of the aims of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide methods toward the systematic study of social phenomena 
B)  To propose a primarily deductive means for explaining experiences through existing theoretical models 
C)  To serve as an approach for understanding the worlds people live in and their experiences of those worlds 
D)  To offer an approach toward answering the "why" and "how" of research questions 
A)  To provide methods toward the systematic study of social phenomena 
B)  To propose a primarily deductive means for explaining experiences through existing theoretical models 
C)  To serve as an approach for understanding the worlds people live in and their experiences of those worlds 
D)  To offer an approach toward answering the "why" and "how" of research questions B

Question 3

Several features characterize all qualitative research. Which of the following is not something it seeks to discover?

Accepted Answer

A)  The insider's view compared with the observer's 
B)  The meanings, symbols, beliefs, and values in the language of the participants 
C)  Data used to reinforce the observer's objectives/theories 
D)  Features of the worlds of everyday lived experiences 
A)  The insider's view compared with the observer's 
B)  The meanings, symbols, beliefs, and values in the language of the participants 
C)  Data used to reinforce the observer's objectives/theories 
D)  Features of the worlds of everyday lived experiences C

Question 4

In qualitative research designs, the subject's/informant's experiences, actions, interactions, and social contexts are more important than those of the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.
-An approach combining research efforts and active intervention, which involves the participants as co-creators and co-investigators who shape the research questions, methods, and outcomes while at the same time transforming themselves and others within their immediate contexts in significant and enduring ways.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology 
A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology

Question 6

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.
-An approach that focuses on the everyday life-world and gives great attention to the careful description of how the ordinary is experienced and expressed in the consciousness of individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology 
A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the aspects of human experience that are explored through phenomenological study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lived space (spatiality) 
B)  The lived body (corporeal embodied experience) 
C)  Lived objectivity (rationality) 
D)  Lived time (temporality) 
A)  The lived space (spatiality) 
B)  The lived body (corporeal embodied experience) 
C)  Lived objectivity (rationality) 
D)  Lived time (temporality)

Question 8

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.
-An approach that focuses on the social definitions and meanings of behavior or other phenomena through the naturally occurring language, insider's viewpoint and values, and cultural patterns.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology 
A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology

Question 9

Which of the following perspectives best aligns with a critical theorist's approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories should be tested through research, in an attempt to increase the predictive understanding of phenomena. 
B)  Knowledge is universal and may be absolutely captured. 
C)  There is one objective reality that can be captured and measured by instruments, independent of the observer. 
D)  Reality and knowledge are considered as relative to particular people and times. 
A)  Theories should be tested through research, in an attempt to increase the predictive understanding of phenomena. 
B)  Knowledge is universal and may be absolutely captured. 
C)  There is one objective reality that can be captured and measured by instruments, independent of the observer. 
D)  Reality and knowledge are considered as relative to particular people and times.

Question 10

Participatory action research involves the participants in shaping the research questions, methods, and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.
-An approach that attempts to generate a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon by extracting meaning from social interactions, without direction from existing constructs or theory about the phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology 
A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology

Question 12

Qualitative research is performed to enable discovery when there is insufficient prior understanding of a topic, or when preconceived concepts and predefined tools have inadequately captured the phenomena of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following does not serve as a definition of epistemology as it relates to qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  An empirical approach to defining true knowledge 
B)  A tradition of thought 
C)  A broad arena of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge 
D)  A manner of seeking and exploring the nature of truth 
A)  An empirical approach to defining true knowledge 
B)  A tradition of thought 
C)  A broad arena of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge 
D)  A manner of seeking and exploring the nature of truth

Question 14

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate.
-An approach where researchers take the stance that knowledge (and theory) is relative to particular people and times; multiple social realities exist that are distributed across various segments of society and groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology 
A)  Participatory action research 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Grounded theory 
D)  Critical theory 
E)  Phenomenology

Exam 16: Design Considerations in Qualitative Research

Ethnography is concerned with sampling a population with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Which of the following does not serve as a description of the aims of qualitative research?

Several features characterize all qualitative research. Which of the following is not something it seeks to discover?

In qualitative research designs, the subject's/informant's experiences, actions, interactions, and social contexts are more important than those of the researcher.

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate. -An approach that focuses on the everyday life-world and gives great attention to the careful description of how the ordinary is experienced and expressed in the consciousness of individuals.

Which of the following is not one of the aspects of human experience that are explored through phenomenological study?

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate. -An approach that focuses on the social definitions and meanings of behavior or other phenomena through the naturally occurring language, insider's viewpoint and values, and cultural patterns.

Which of the following perspectives best aligns with a critical theorist's approach?

Participatory action research involves the participants in shaping the research questions, methods, and outcomes.

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate. -An approach that attempts to generate a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon by extracting meaning from social interactions, without direction from existing constructs or theory about the phenomena.

Qualitative research is performed to enable discovery when there is insufficient prior understanding of a topic, or when preconceived concepts and predefined tools have inadequately captured the phenomena of interest.

Which of the following does not serve as a definition of epistemology as it relates to qualitative research?

Please match the definition with epistemological tradition appropriate. -An approach where researchers take the stance that knowledge (and theory) is relative to particular people and times; multiple social realities exist that are distributed across various segments of society and groups.

Occupational Therapy As an Evidence-Based Practice Profession

Classifications and Aims of Research

Philosophical Foundations of Research

Reading and Understanding Published and Presented Research

Critically Appraising and Classifying Published and Presented Research

Managing Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice: An International Imperative

Professional Responsibility and Roles in Research

The Role of Theory in Occupational Therapy

Steps in the Research Process and Characteristics of Sound Research

Conducting a Literature Review

Generating Research Questions and Defining Specific Aims and Hypotheses

Selecting the Research Method

Writing the Research Proposal

Ensuring Ethical Research

Securing Samples and Performance Sites

Collecting Qualitative Data

Contemporary Tools for Managing and Analyzing Qualitative Data

Qualitative Approaches to Interpreting and Reporting Data

Quantitative Research Designs: Defining Variables and Their Relationships With One Another

Developing and Evaluating Quantitative Data Collection Instruments

Collecting Quantitative Data

Entering, Storing, and Managing Data

Deciding on an Approach to Data Analysis

Meta-Analysis

Single-Subject Research

Survey Research

Needs Assessment Research

Program Evaluation Research

Participatory Research Approaches

Writing a Literature Review

Disseminating Research: Presenting, Writing, and Publishing

Writing a Grant Proposal

Using Mixed-Methods Designs to Study Therapy and Its Outcomes

Creating Outcomes Research for Evidence-Based Practice

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