Question 1

According to Vygotsky, private speech grows out of

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's already existing language abilities. 
B)  the child's particular level of cognitive development. 
C)  children's interactions with parents and adults as they work together on tasks. 
D)  children's interactions with less experienced peers. 
A)  the child's already existing language abilities. 
B)  the child's particular level of cognitive development. 
C)  children's interactions with parents and adults as they work together on tasks. 
D)  children's interactions with less experienced peers.

Question 2

Compare and contrast Piaget's theory with sociocultural theory.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Question 3

One strength of Piaget's studies is that

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioural observations occurred in the controlled setting of the laboratory. 
B)  they were longitudinal. 
C)  they involved observations of large numbers of children. 
D)  they were cross-sectional investigations of children with disabilities. 
A)  behavioural observations occurred in the controlled setting of the laboratory. 
B)  they were longitudinal. 
C)  they involved observations of large numbers of children. 
D)  they were cross-sectional investigations of children with disabilities.

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about the emergence of pretend play?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is affected by the significance that caregivers place on play as compared to other activities 
B)  It is affected by other cognitive developments such as memory 
C)  It is affected by the child's IQ level 
D)  It is affected by adults' beliefs about the value of play 
A)  It is affected by the significance that caregivers place on play as compared to other activities 
B)  It is affected by other cognitive developments such as memory 
C)  It is affected by the child's IQ level 
D)  It is affected by adults' beliefs about the value of play

Question 5

The form of teaching in which the more advanced partner continually adjusts the kind and level of help provided in response to the level of the learner's performance is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive instruction. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  scaffolding. 
D)  reinforcement. 
A)  sensitive instruction. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  scaffolding. 
D)  reinforcement.

Question 6

According to Piaget, basic forms of knowledge

Accepted Answer

A)  are present at birth. 
B)  are established by the end of the sensorimotor period. 
C)  are established by the end of the concrete operational period. 
D)  develop throughout childhood. 
A)  are present at birth. 
B)  are established by the end of the sensorimotor period. 
C)  are established by the end of the concrete operational period. 
D)  develop throughout childhood.

Question 7

Cognition refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the higher-order mental processes by which humans attempt to understand and adapt to their world. 
B)  permanent changes in behaviour that can be attributed to experience. 
C)  what one knows. 
D)  the lower-order mental processes by which humans select, interpret, and organize sensations. 
A)  the higher-order mental processes by which humans attempt to understand and adapt to their world. 
B)  permanent changes in behaviour that can be attributed to experience. 
C)  what one knows. 
D)  the lower-order mental processes by which humans select, interpret, and organize sensations.

Question 8

Four-year-old children were shown pictures of a flamingo whose legs get cold at night and a bat whose legs stay warm at night. What would a child who was perceptually oriented say about the legs of a blackbird?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Its legs will be warm." 
B)  "Its legs will be cold." 
C)  "I can't tell you." 
D)  "One leg will be warm and one leg will be cold." 
A)  "Its legs will be warm." 
B)  "Its legs will be cold." 
C)  "I can't tell you." 
D)  "One leg will be warm and one leg will be cold."

Question 9

The difference between the schemes of substage 2 infants and substage 3 infants is that

Accepted Answer

A)  substage 2 infants use schemes for the pleasure of using them, whereas substage 3 infants use schemes to explore the environment. 
B)  substage 2 infants are limited to reflexive activity, whereas substage 3 infants develop skills and action patterns to interpret the world. 
C)  substage 2 infants can reproduce activities they happen upon by chance, whereas substage 3 infants can employ means-ends analysis to produce a desired effect. 
D)  the schemes of substage 2 infants are limited to single sensory modalities whereas the schemes of substage 3 infants involve the coordination of input from more than one modality. 
A)  substage 2 infants use schemes for the pleasure of using them, whereas substage 3 infants use schemes to explore the environment. 
B)  substage 2 infants are limited to reflexive activity, whereas substage 3 infants develop skills and action patterns to interpret the world. 
C)  substage 2 infants can reproduce activities they happen upon by chance, whereas substage 3 infants can employ means-ends analysis to produce a desired effect. 
D)  the schemes of substage 2 infants are limited to single sensory modalities whereas the schemes of substage 3 infants involve the coordination of input from more than one modality.

Question 10

The difference between the schemes of substage 4 infants and substage 5 infants is that

Accepted Answer

A)  substage 4 infants use schemes for the pleasure of using them, whereas substage 5 infants use schemes to explore the environment. 
B)  the schemes of substage 4 infants are limited to single sensory modalities whereas the schemes of substage 5 infants involve the coordination of input from more than one modality. 
C)  substage 4 infants can reproduce activities they happen upon by chance, whereas substage 5 infants can employ means-ends analysis to produce a desired effect. 
D)  when trying to solve problems, substage 4 infants repeatedly use initially successful solutions despite subsequent failure, whereas substage 5 infants engage in active trial and error. 
A)  substage 4 infants use schemes for the pleasure of using them, whereas substage 5 infants use schemes to explore the environment. 
B)  the schemes of substage 4 infants are limited to single sensory modalities whereas the schemes of substage 5 infants involve the coordination of input from more than one modality. 
C)  substage 4 infants can reproduce activities they happen upon by chance, whereas substage 5 infants can employ means-ends analysis to produce a desired effect. 
D)  when trying to solve problems, substage 4 infants repeatedly use initially successful solutions despite subsequent failure, whereas substage 5 infants engage in active trial and error.

Question 11

According to Piaget, at what age should infants first be able to imitate a behaviour that they have observed in others? Discuss the evidence that suggests that infants are capable of imitation earlier in life than Piaget had predicted.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, infants should firs

Question 12

Lan noticed that her 18-month old son, Huy, seems to read her cues by focusing his gaze on stimuli to which she diverts her own gaze. This tendency to enter into the attentional focus of another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive referencing. 
B)  mimicry. 
C)  selective attention. 
D)  joint attention. 
A)  cognitive referencing. 
B)  mimicry. 
C)  selective attention. 
D)  joint attention.

Question 13

During Piaget's __________ period of development, a child would be able to arrange six sticks of differing lengths in a row from smallest to largest.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  formal operational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  preoperational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  formal operational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  preoperational

Question 14

Atchkoué, a young First Nations girl from Canada, is being interviewed in her native language by a native speaker on conservation and object permanence. It is likely that she will perform _______ on this task than the rest of the Canadian children (who are not First Nations children) being interviewed for this research.

Accepted Answer

A)  Less well 
B)  Better 
C)  The same (or equally as well) 
D)  Research using First Nations children is not valid 
A)  Less well 
B)  Better 
C)  The same (or equally as well) 
D)  Research using First Nations children is not valid

Question 15

Three-year-old Andy was in the hospital recovering from surgery. Andy told his mother that he needed the operation because he had

Accepted Answer

A)  caught a virus when his sister sneezed. 
B)  appendicitis. 
C)  been bad. 
D)  drunk a glass of water that had been sitting beside a dead spider. 
A)  caught a virus when his sister sneezed. 
B)  appendicitis. 
C)  been bad. 
D)  drunk a glass of water that had been sitting beside a dead spider.

Question 16

Research has shown that most 5-year-olds demonstrate that they

Accepted Answer

A)  understand what they know and how they know it. 
B)  can recapture how one of their own beliefs came to be instilled. 
C)  can appreciate which of their senses can pick up specific types of information. 
D)  are capable of all of the above. 
A)  understand what they know and how they know it. 
B)  can recapture how one of their own beliefs came to be instilled. 
C)  can appreciate which of their senses can pick up specific types of information. 
D)  are capable of all of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following research questions is most likely to be studied by a scientist working within a Piagetian framework?

Accepted Answer

A)  How do the strategies children use to process text change with age? 
B)  At what age do infants first distinguish the sound of their mother's voice from that of other females? 
C)  How do children's ideas about the causes of disease change across childhood? 
D)  Does the number of items a child can hold in short-term memory with or without rehearsal change with age? 
A)  How do the strategies children use to process text change with age? 
B)  At what age do infants first distinguish the sound of their mother's voice from that of other females? 
C)  How do children's ideas about the causes of disease change across childhood? 
D)  Does the number of items a child can hold in short-term memory with or without rehearsal change with age?

Question 18

The combination of schemes involving different sensory modes is first characteristic of which substage of the sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

A)  substage 2 (1 to 4 months) 
B)  substage 3 (4 to 8 months) 
C)  substage 4 (8 to 12 months) 
D)  substage 5 (12 to 18 months) 
A)  substage 2 (1 to 4 months) 
B)  substage 3 (4 to 8 months) 
C)  substage 4 (8 to 12 months) 
D)  substage 5 (12 to 18 months)

Question 19

The ability to locate objects even after multiple invisible displacements coincides with the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  representational thought. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  intentional behaviour. 
D)  means-end analysis. 
A)  representational thought. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  intentional behaviour. 
D)  means-end analysis.

Question 20

Maggie is in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period. She should be able to successfully search for a toy if she

Accepted Answer

A)  never saw the toy. 
B)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket and then watched as her mother moved it to her purse. 
C)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket, but did not watch as her mother considered putting it in her purse before finally hiding it behind a pillow. 
D)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket and then transfer it to her purse, but did not witness her mother then return the toy to her pocket. 
A)  never saw the toy. 
B)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket and then watched as her mother moved it to her purse. 
C)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket, but did not watch as her mother considered putting it in her purse before finally hiding it behind a pillow. 
D)  observed her mother put the toy in her pocket and then transfer it to her purse, but did not witness her mother then return the toy to her pocket.

According to Vygotsky, private speech grows out of

Compare and contrast Piaget's theory with sociocultural theory.

One strength of Piaget's studies is that

Which of the following is not true about the emergence of pretend play?

The form of teaching in which the more advanced partner continually adjusts the kind and level of help provided in response to the level of the learner's performance is known as

According to Piaget, basic forms of knowledge

Cognition refers to

Four-year-old children were shown pictures of a flamingo whose legs get cold at night and a bat whose legs stay warm at night. What would a child who was perceptually oriented say about the legs of a blackbird?

The difference between the schemes of substage 2 infants and substage 3 infants is that

The difference between the schemes of substage 4 infants and substage 5 infants is that

According to Piaget, at what age should infants first be able to imitate a behaviour that they have observed in others? Discuss the evidence that suggests that infants are capable of imitation earlier in life than Piaget had predicted.

Lan noticed that her 18-month old son, Huy, seems to read her cues by focusing his gaze on stimuli to which she diverts her own gaze. This tendency to enter into the attentional focus of another is called

During Piaget's __________ period of development, a child would be able to arrange six sticks of differing lengths in a row from smallest to largest.

Three-year-old Andy was in the hospital recovering from surgery. Andy told his mother that he needed the operation because he had

Research has shown that most 5-year-olds demonstrate that they

Which of the following research questions is most likely to be studied by a scientist working within a Piagetian framework?

The combination of schemes involving different sensory modes is first characteristic of which substage of the sensorimotor period?

The ability to locate objects even after multiple invisible displacements coincides with the development of

Maggie is in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period. She should be able to successfully search for a toy if she

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

According to Vygotsky, private speech grows out of

Compare and contrast Piaget's theory with sociocultural theory.

One strength of Piaget's studies is that

Which of the following is not true about the emergence of pretend play?

The form of teaching in which the more advanced partner continually adjusts the kind and level of help provided in response to the level of the learner's performance is known as

According to Piaget, basic forms of knowledge

Cognition refers to

Four-year-old children were shown pictures of a flamingo whose legs get cold at night and a bat whose legs stay warm at night. What would a child who was perceptually oriented say about the legs of a blackbird?

The difference between the schemes of substage 2 infants and substage 3 infants is that

The difference between the schemes of substage 4 infants and substage 5 infants is that

According to Piaget, at what age should infants first be able to imitate a behaviour that they have observed in others? Discuss the evidence that suggests that infants are capable of imitation earlier in life than Piaget had predicted.

Lan noticed that her 18-month old son, Huy, seems to read her cues by focusing his gaze on stimuli to which she diverts her own gaze. This tendency to enter into the attentional focus of another is called

During Piaget's __________ period of development, a child would be able to arrange six sticks of differing lengths in a row from smallest to largest.

Three-year-old Andy was in the hospital recovering from surgery. Andy told his mother that he needed the operation because he had

Research has shown that most 5-year-olds demonstrate that they

Which of the following research questions is most likely to be studied by a scientist working within a Piagetian framework?

The combination of schemes involving different sensory modes is first characteristic of which substage of the sensorimotor period?

The ability to locate objects even after multiple invisible displacements coincides with the development of

Maggie is in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period. She should be able to successfully search for a toy if she

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters