Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Babies first begin to use tools to solve problems during which substage of sensorimotor development?

Approximately what ages are encompassed by the period of concrete operations?

An adult is interacting with a young child who is very close to mastering a new task. What type of scaffolding should the adult be using with this child?

Discuss the ways that representational thought is superior to sensorimotor thought.

Object permanence refers to the concept that

A preoperational child is presented with 8 blue beads and 5 yellow beads, all of which are wooden. When asked whether there are more blue beads or more wooden beads, a preoperational child is likely to respond:

Piaget explained developmental changes in children's thinking in terms of

According to Piaget, there are four causes of cognitive development. According to your textbook, every theory accepts in some way three of these four causes. The fourth cause is uniquely Piagetian. Which is it?

Decentration means that children understand that while some features of a problem may change, others remain constant; that is, they appreciate the concept of __________.

Alfred went to school and was surprised to learn that the big computer box in the corner of the play area held lost-and-found items rather than a computer. One day, Alfred's friend, Erika, lost her sweater. He told her to look in the play area. She didn't think of looking in the computer box, and Alfred was surprised. He thought that everyone knew that the computer box held lost items. Alfred did not understand

The concept of the zone of proximal development has been used in examining

Which of the following Piagetian concepts explains motivation and the upward, progressive direction of development?

The ability to solve a problem by imagining the solution in advance first appears during which substage of the sensorimotor period?

Meltzoff and Moore have examined infants' ability to imitate facial expression of a variety of sorts. They found that even newborns can imitate mouth opening and tongue protrusion. Other researchers have attempted to replicate Meltzoff and Moore's findings. The best summary of our knowledge to date is:

A common problem associated with peer learning and whole class discussions is that

What concept is defined as the realization that people can hold beliefs that are not true?

Because you are a developmental psychologist, you are often solicited by all of your non-psychologist friends to answer their many questions about their child's development. One couple is worried because their child does not search for objects that they have hidden. You reassure them that their child is following Piaget's developmental stages. How old is this child most likely to be?

What happens during Piaget's second sensorimotor substage?

DeLoache and her colleagues have studied preschoolers' understanding of maps and scale models. In their research, preschoolers' inability to think about small Snoopy as being both a symbol for big Snoopy and as an object in itself is similar to

Tim is five years old. In preparation for going to the park this morning, his mother verbally guides him as he attempts to tie his shoes, and she continues to guide him until he successfully ties his shoes. The type of development most relevant to this situation is __________ development.