Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Describe the evidence that suggests that object permanence develops earlier than Piaget had originally thought. Why did changes in research methodology yield results that are different from Piaget's?

Discuss some of the limitations of preoperational thought.

Juan is exploring a new toy with his mother. He observes that whenever his mother moves a lever, a plastic shape falls through a chute. Juan makes several attempts to operate the lever. He pulls it, pushes it up, and wiggles it. He pauses, as if in deep thought, and then, with sudden deliberation, pushes the lever down and successfully retrieves the plastic shape. According to Piaget, Juan is most likely in which substage of the sensorimotor period?

Findings of cross-cultural studies of Piagetian concepts suggest that

Gelman (1972) found that 3-year-olds show an ability to conserve number. One criticism of studies such as Gelman's is that

__________ studies have typically been relied on to reduce the response demands of infants being tested for their understanding of cause-effect relationships.

The Piagetian concept of accommodation refers to the process by which

There are research studies that suggest that early experience exploring objects may not be essential for normal cognitive development. Which statement supports this?

Piaget's theory and research focus on the

Violet is riding on her tractor when she sees she is approaching a closed door. At first, she keeps on going and crashes into the door. Since she wants to get on the other side of the door, she gets off her tractor, looks at the door, and tries to push it. She sees that the door is not opening. She then decides to try the doorknob. According to Piaget, Violet is most likely in which substage of the sensorimotor period?

According to Piaget, children first begin to use representations to solve problems and to share ideas during the __________ period of cognitive development.

Lilli accidentally discovers that if she bounces while sitting in her infant seat, a toy attached to the seat spins around. Entranced by the movement of the toy, Lilli continues to bounce and bounce and bounce. Lilli's behaviour is most characteristic of infants in which substage of the sensorimotor period?

Research suggesting that Piaget may have underestimated infants' understanding about object relations has been strengthened by recent research that has found

Concrete operational thinking is characterized by

A culture that focuses on the self's role within a broader social network, marked by an emphasis on interpersonal connectedness, social obligation, and conformity

Dual representation refers to the realization

An after-the-fact grasp of causality is characteristic of which sensorimotor substage?

The A-not-B error is characteristic of thought during which substage of the sensorimotor period?

Explain the four time frames Vygotsky described (ontogenetic, microgenetic, phylogenetic and cultural/historical). Explain how they differ and how they are alike.

The transition to the preoperational period is marked by the ability to