Exam 8: Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

In infancy, egocentrism is manifest in a(n)

A teacher is having difficulty explaining the process of photosynthesis to her class and so decides to use the whole-class discussion method. Which of the following should this teacher do?

The difference between the schemes of substage 3 infants and substage 4 infants is that

Which of the following statements about the acquisition of conservation is true?

Barbara Rogoff (1990) coined the term __________ to describe the process by which young children become competent by participating in everyday, purposeful activities under the guidance of more experienced partners.

Discuss the function of equilibration in Piaget's theory of development.

Social referencing refers to the process by which one

When confronted with a still-face situation, where mothers remain unresponsive to infants' attempts to interact, 6-month-old infants attempt to re-establish the interaction by increasing their frequency of vocalization and smiling. This suggests that infants may __________ earlier than Piaget theorized.

Archie sees his older sister sweeping with a broom. A week later, he takes the broom and starts sweeping the floor. This is an example of ___________.

The great scientist, Timothy O., is sitting in his high chair observing the different sounds mashed peas, applesauce, and Cheerios make as they hit the floor and walls. The groans emitted by his caregiver provide interesting sidelight, as well. Timothy O. is likely to be in which substage of sensorimotor development?

Children who believe a black cat can be transformed into a black dog by placing a dog mask over the cat's head do not yet understand

Baby Leila is playing with her dad when he suddenly looks over towards the door. Leila notices he has turned his head, looks at him for a few moments then turns her head towards the door. This is an example of _______________.

According to Piaget, it becomes possible for children to share their thinking with others during which period of cognitive development?

Baby Rebecca spots her favourite squeaky toy under her dog Roxy's foot. To retrieve the toy, Rebecca needs first to push Roxy's foot aside before attempting to grasp the toy. Rebecca would be cognitively unable to perform this series of actions until which substage of sensorimotor development?

Researchers believe Piaget may have underestimated the infant's understanding of object permanence because

In Piaget's theory, the biological process of self-regulation that propels the cognitive system to higher and higher levels of equilibrium is called

Researchers have been able to demonstrate perspective-taking skills in children as young as

Ruby recently got her hair cut and now insists she is a boy unless she is wearing a dress. Ruby appears to lack a complete understanding of

Discuss the evidence that shows representational thought emerging near the end of infancy.

Bobby's mother has a refrigerator magnet made of clay that resembles a piece of chocolate candy. Bobby knows it isn't real candy. This is an example of