Question 1

Regarding early life on Earth,

Accepted Answer

A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. 
B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. 
C) microbial life,plant life,and animal life all appeared at about the same time. 
D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared. 
A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. 
B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. 
C) microbial life,plant life,and animal life all appeared at about the same time. 
D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.

Question 2

Approximately two billion years ago,________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) algae 
B) Archaea 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) purple sulfur bacteria 
A) algae 
B) Archaea 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) purple sulfur bacteria

Question 3

The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasmic membrane. 
B) cell wall. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cytoplasm. 
A) cytoplasmic membrane. 
B) cell wall. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cytoplasm.

Question 4

Not only do some microorganisms tolerate extremely hot temperatures,some actually require high temperatures for optimal growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s)for

Accepted Answer

A) anthrax. 
B) fowl cholera. 
C) rabies. 
D) anthrax,fowl cholera,and rabies. 
A) anthrax. 
B) fowl cholera. 
C) rabies. 
D) anthrax,fowl cholera,and rabies.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the leading causes of death in 1900 with the leading causes of death today.What roles have microbiologists played in the dramatic changes that are evident?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but a focus

Question 7

Today,the enrichment culture technique developed over a century ago by Martinus Beijerinck remains a feasible approach to discovering bacteria capable of degrading pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The discipline of microbiology is intimately associated with biochemistry and genetics,because cells are both biochemical catalysts and genetic coding devices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA-based tree of life.

Accepted Answer

A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. 
B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. 
C) They can infect other organisms,which complicates the genetic comparisons. 
D) They lack ribosomal RNA. 
A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. 
B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. 
C) They can infect other organisms,which complicates the genetic comparisons. 
D) They lack ribosomal RNA.

Question 10

Both environmental conditions and nutrient resources strongly influence the composition of a microbial community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to

Accepted Answer

A) develop the tuberculin test. 
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease. 
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media. 
D) develop the tuberculin test,formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease,and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media. 
A) develop the tuberculin test. 
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease. 
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media. 
D) develop the tuberculin test,formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease,and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media.

Question 12

Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called

Accepted Answer

A) Petri dishes. 
B) baker dishes. 
C) sterilization plates. 
D) culture medium plates. 
A) Petri dishes. 
B) baker dishes. 
C) sterilization plates. 
D) culture medium plates.

Question 13

Developments in the fields of immunology and medical microbiology were practical extensions of the work of

Accepted Answer

A) Sergei Winogradsky. 
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. 
C) Joseph Lister. 
D) Robert Koch. 
A) Sergei Winogradsky. 
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. 
C) Joseph Lister. 
D) Robert Koch.

Question 14

Cyanobacteria and purple bacteria both obtain energy from light.However,only the ________ are capable of releasing ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cyanobacteria / organic compounds 
B) cyanobacteria / oxygen 
C) purple bacteria / organic compounds 
D) purple bacteria / oxygen 
A) cyanobacteria / organic compounds 
B) cyanobacteria / oxygen 
C) purple bacteria / organic compounds 
D) purple bacteria / oxygen

Question 15

All microorganisms require molecular oxygen to carry on life functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Microbial biochemistry involves the discovery of microbial ________ and the ________ they perform.

Accepted Answer

A) biomolecules / functions 
B) enzymes / catalyses 
C) metabolic pathways / reactions 
D) biomolecules,enzymes,and metabolic pathways / functions 
A) biomolecules / functions 
B) enzymes / catalyses 
C) metabolic pathways / reactions 
D) biomolecules,enzymes,and metabolic pathways / functions

Question 17

Compare and contrast the functions microbes serve in the digestive systems of both humans and rumens (e.g.,cattle).

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should focus on hu

Question 18

Bioremediation ________ by introducing pollutant-consuming microorganisms or specific nutrients that help microorganisms degrade pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) accelerates the natural cleanup process 
B) exploits genetic exchange mechanisms 
C) invokes microbial evolution 
D) uses chemotaxis of biodegrading microorganisms 
A) accelerates the natural cleanup process 
B) exploits genetic exchange mechanisms 
C) invokes microbial evolution 
D) uses chemotaxis of biodegrading microorganisms

Question 19

Using specific examples,explain why it is sometimes impossible to satisfy Robert Koch's postulates.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but one issue is the c

Question 20

Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A) chemotax towards growth substrates. 
B) create vessicles. 
C) form endospores. 
D) grow without additional supplemented nutrients. 
A) chemotax towards growth substrates. 
B) create vessicles. 
C) form endospores. 
D) grow without additional supplemented nutrients.

Exam 1: Microorganisms and Microbiology

Regarding early life on Earth,

Approximately two billion years ago,________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.

The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the

Not only do some microorganisms tolerate extremely hot temperatures,some actually require high temperatures for optimal growth.

Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s)for

Compare and contrast the leading causes of death in 1900 with the leading causes of death today.What roles have microbiologists played in the dramatic changes that are evident?

Today,the enrichment culture technique developed over a century ago by Martinus Beijerinck remains a feasible approach to discovering bacteria capable of degrading pollutants.

The discipline of microbiology is intimately associated with biochemistry and genetics,because cells are both biochemical catalysts and genetic coding devices.

Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA-based tree of life.

Both environmental conditions and nutrient resources strongly influence the composition of a microbial community.

Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to

Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called

Developments in the fields of immunology and medical microbiology were practical extensions of the work of

Cyanobacteria and purple bacteria both obtain energy from light.However,only the ________ are capable of releasing ________.

All microorganisms require molecular oxygen to carry on life functions.

Microbial biochemistry involves the discovery of microbial ________ and the ________ they perform.

Compare and contrast the functions microbes serve in the digestive systems of both humans and rumens (e.g.,cattle).

Bioremediation ________ by introducing pollutant-consuming microorganisms or specific nutrients that help microorganisms degrade pollutants.

Using specific examples,explain why it is sometimes impossible to satisfy Robert Koch's postulates.

Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able to

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Cyanobacteria and purple bacteria both obtain energy from light.However,only the are capable of releasing .

Microbial biochemistry involves the discovery of microbial and the they perform.