Question 1

GTP provides energy for

Accepted Answer

A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) protein folding. 
A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) protein folding.

Question 2

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process in which mR

Question 3

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

Accepted Answer

A) the addition of deoxynucleotides. 
B) the formation of RNA primers. 
C) the addition of ribonucleotides. 
D) hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. 
A) the addition of deoxynucleotides. 
B) the formation of RNA primers. 
C) the addition of ribonucleotides. 
D) hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs.

Question 4

The function of RNA polymerase is to

Accepted Answer

A) catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribonucleotids. 
B) catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides. 
C) cleave mRNA to remove introns. 
D) activate tRNAs. 
A) catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribonucleotids. 
B) catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides. 
C) cleave mRNA to remove introns. 
D) activate tRNAs.

Question 5

Transfer RNA molecules

Accepted Answer

A) function to transfer ribonucleotides to RNA polymerase during transcription. 
B) function to transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation. 
C) contain codons that bind to ribosomes during translation. 
D) are only present in the nucleus or eukaryotes. 
A) function to transfer ribonucleotides to RNA polymerase during transcription. 
B) function to transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation. 
C) contain codons that bind to ribosomes during translation. 
D) are only present in the nucleus or eukaryotes.

Question 6

You experimentally change the DNA sequence directly upstream of a start codon of an operon in E.coli to investigate the function of this region of DNA.Analysis reveals that after the change the same amount of mRNA is made from the operon,but there are very few proteins made from the operon.What is the most likely function of the DNA sequence that you changed?

Accepted Answer

A) The DNA sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site. 
B) The DNA sequence likely functions as a promoter. 
C) The DNA sequence likely functions as a termination sequence. 
D) The DNA sequence likely functions as in transcriptional regulation. 
A) The DNA sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site. 
B) The DNA sequence likely functions as a promoter. 
C) The DNA sequence likely functions as a termination sequence. 
D) The DNA sequence likely functions as in transcriptional regulation.

Question 7

The two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by

Accepted Answer

A) 5' to 3' attraction. 
B) hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
C) codons. 
D) peptide bonds between nucleotide bases. 
A) 5' to 3' attraction. 
B) hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
C) codons. 
D) peptide bonds between nucleotide bases.

Question 8

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A sigma factor is one of five subunits w

Question 9

The genetic material in a virus is technically called a plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

DNA participates in protein synthesis through

Accepted Answer

A) cyclic messengers. 
B) direct pairing with amino acids. 
C) an RNA intermediate. 
D) protein folding. 
A) cyclic messengers. 
B) direct pairing with amino acids. 
C) an RNA intermediate. 
D) protein folding.

Question 11

Inverted repeats are common features of transcription termination sequences in all three domains of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

tRNA is released from the ribosome at the ________ site.

Accepted Answer

A) P 
B) A 
C) R 
D) E 
A) P 
B) A 
C) R 
D) E

Question 14

Supercoiling is important for DNA structure,because

Accepted Answer

A) it holds together the antiparallel strands of DNA in the double helix. 
B) it provides energy for transcription. 
C) it condenses the DNA so that it can fit inside the cell. 
D) it prevents RNA from pairing with DNA in the double helix. 
A) it holds together the antiparallel strands of DNA in the double helix. 
B) it provides energy for transcription. 
C) it condenses the DNA so that it can fit inside the cell. 
D) it prevents RNA from pairing with DNA in the double helix.

Question 15

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The following is the sequence of bases in the sense strand of a DNA segment and contains the beginning of a gene.
DNA 3' A T A T T A C C A G G C A T G G A C C C C C G G G 5'
Based on this sequence,write the sequence of the anti-sense DNA strand and the mRNA.Label the 5' and 3' ends in your predicted sequences.The start codon in this organism is AUG.Indicate where the start codon is in your sequence.Why is the start codon important? Why does there have to be a specific start codon?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Sense: 5' T A T T T A G G T C C G T

Question 17

You are studying a protein in Salmonella typhimurium that you believe is a toxin.Whenever you attempt to purify the protein from lysed cell cultures,you get two forms of the protein.One form is smaller than the other and is missing 15 amino acids from the N-terminus compared to the larger form.This leads you to hypothesize that

Accepted Answer

A) there are two termination sites in the mRNA. 
B) the protein requires chaperonins to fold properly. 
C) the protein is secreted and folds outside of the cell. 
D) you need to re-do the experiment because there should only be one form. 
A) there are two termination sites in the mRNA. 
B) the protein requires chaperonins to fold properly. 
C) the protein is secreted and folds outside of the cell. 
D) you need to re-do the experiment because there should only be one form.

Question 18

Explain the function of the helicases and why they are necessary.

Accepted Answer

Helicase enzymes require energy from ATP

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of one codon?

Accepted Answer

A) CATT 
B) GCCATT 
C) CAG 
D) CCGUAA 
A) CATT 
B) GCCATT 
C) CAG 
D) CCGUAA

Question 20

Throughout the living world,the genetic code is generally universal; however,there are slight variations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Molecular Biology

GTP provides energy for

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

The function of the DNA polymerase is to catalyze

The function of RNA polymerase is to

Transfer RNA molecules

The two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by

Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria.

The genetic material in a virus is technically called a plasmid.

DNA participates in protein synthesis through

Inverted repeats are common features of transcription termination sequences in all three domains of life.

RNA is incapable of forming secondary structure.

tRNA is released from the ribosome at the ________ site.

Supercoiling is important for DNA structure,because

Proteins known as chaperones are found only in Bacteria.

Explain the function of the helicases and why they are necessary.

Which of the following is an example of one codon?

Throughout the living world,the genetic code is generally universal; however,there are slight variations.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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