Question 1

The template for RNA polymerase is ________,and the new RNA chain is ________ to the template.

Accepted Answer

A) an independent RNA segment / parallel and identical 
B) DNA / antiparallel and complementary 
C) an independent RNA segment / antiparallel and complementary 
D) DNA / parallel and identical 
A) an independent RNA segment / parallel and identical 
B) DNA / antiparallel and complementary 
C) an independent RNA segment / antiparallel and complementary 
D) DNA / parallel and identical

Question 2

DNA replication involves the synthesis of an RNA primer on one strand of the DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B) The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C) Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D) Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
A) Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B) The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C) Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D) Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 5

rRNA has an enzymatic role in all stages of protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Transcription of chaperonins is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Accepted Answer

A) excessive osmotic pressure. 
B) extremes in pH value. 
C) lack of oxygen. 
D) excessive heat. 
A) excessive osmotic pressure. 
B) extremes in pH value. 
C) lack of oxygen. 
D) excessive heat.

Question 7

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya.Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B) Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C) Archaea lack operons. 
D) Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases. 
A) Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B) Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C) Archaea lack operons. 
D) Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases.

Question 8

Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by

Accepted Answer

A) exhaustion of RNA polymerase activity. 
B) special protein factors. 
C) terminases. 
D) specific nucleotide sequences on the template strand. 
A) exhaustion of RNA polymerase activity. 
B) special protein factors. 
C) terminases. 
D) specific nucleotide sequences on the template strand.

Question 9

Which of the following is formed on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA secondary structures 
B) Okazaki fragments 
C) RNA polymerase 
D) replisomes 
A) DNA secondary structures 
B) Okazaki fragments 
C) RNA polymerase 
D) replisomes

Question 10

What is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life? Include in your answer a diagram that illustrates the relationships between the basic components and steps in the flow of genetic information.

Accepted Answer

Answers and diagrams should demonstrate

Question 11

Explain why GC-rich DNA requires a higher temperature to denture or melt than AT-rich DNA and hypothesize as to why the GC content of chromosomes in microorganisms from different environments varies widely.

Accepted Answer

The overall increase in stability of G-C

Question 12

An operon is a useful genetic element,because it

Accepted Answer

A) encourages the binding of RNA polymerase. 
B) allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes. 
C) translates DNA sequence into amino acid sequence. 
D) encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location. 
A) encourages the binding of RNA polymerase. 
B) allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes. 
C) translates DNA sequence into amino acid sequence. 
D) encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location.

Question 13

Discuss how the initiation of DNA synthesis occurs in bacteria using the terms origin of replication,replication fork,and theta structures.

Accepted Answer

The initiation protein DnaA binds to the

Question 14

Explain the process of RNA transcription using the terms upstream,Pribnow box,and consensus sequence.

Accepted Answer

The RNA polymerase holoenzyme initiates

Question 15

During DNA replication Okazaki fragments are linked together by________,an enzyme that creates phosphodiester bonds between nicked fragments of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) exopolymerase 
B) DNA gyrase 
C) topoisomerase 
D) DNA ligase 
A) exopolymerase 
B) DNA gyrase 
C) topoisomerase 
D) DNA ligase

Question 16

Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase. 
B) endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) cytoplasm. 
D) nucleus. 
A) RNA polymerase. 
B) endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) cytoplasm. 
D) nucleus.

Question 17

DNA replication is started with a(n)________,which,in most cases,in vivo is a short stretch of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) promoter / DNA 
B) mRNA / RNA 
C) primer / RNA 
D) ribosome-binding sequence / DNA 
A) promoter / DNA 
B) mRNA / RNA 
C) primer / RNA 
D) ribosome-binding sequence / DNA

Question 18

In the process of transcription,promoters are specific sequences of ________ that are recognized by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA / DNA polymerase 
B) RNA / DNA polymerase 
C) DNA / sigma factors 
D) RNA / ribosomes 
A) DNA / DNA polymerase 
B) RNA / DNA polymerase 
C) DNA / sigma factors 
D) RNA / ribosomes

Question 19

How is an open reading frame (ORF)identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

Accepted Answer

An ORF is often predicted by identifying

Question 20

The functional unit of genetic information is the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide. 
B) gene. 
C) chromosome. 
D) protein. 
A) nucleotide. 
B) gene. 
C) chromosome. 
D) protein.

Exam 4: Molecular Biology

The template for RNA polymerase is ________,and the new RNA chain is ________ to the template.

DNA replication involves the synthesis of an RNA primer on one strand of the DNA.

RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels.

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

rRNA has an enzymatic role in all stages of protein synthesis.

Transcription of chaperonins is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya.Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by

Which of the following is formed on the lagging strand during DNA synthesis?

What is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life? Include in your answer a diagram that illustrates the relationships between the basic components and steps in the flow of genetic information.

Explain why GC-rich DNA requires a higher temperature to denture or melt than AT-rich DNA and hypothesize as to why the GC content of chromosomes in microorganisms from different environments varies widely.

An operon is a useful genetic element,because it

Discuss how the initiation of DNA synthesis occurs in bacteria using the terms origin of replication,replication fork,and theta structures.

Explain the process of RNA transcription using the terms upstream,Pribnow box,and consensus sequence.

During DNA replication Okazaki fragments are linked together by________,an enzyme that creates phosphodiester bonds between nicked fragments of DNA.

Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the

DNA replication is started with a(n)________,which,in most cases,in vivo is a short stretch of ________.

In the process of transcription,promoters are specific sequences of ________ that are recognized by ________.

How is an open reading frame (ORF)identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

The functional unit of genetic information is the

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

The template for RNA polymerase is ,and the new RNA chain is to the template.

DNA replication is started with a(n),which,in most cases,in vivo is a short stretch of .

In the process of transcription,promoters are specific sequences of that are recognized by .