Question 1

The primary energy source for termites comes from

Accepted Answer

A) acetogenic Archaea. 
B) acetogenic Bacteria. 
C) methanogenic Archaea. 
D) methanogenic Bacteria. 
A) acetogenic Archaea. 
B) acetogenic Bacteria. 
C) methanogenic Archaea. 
D) methanogenic Bacteria.

Question 2

Some bacteria have genes that confer resistance to mercury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is

Accepted Answer

A) increasing sedimentation of C,Ca,and Si. 
B) increasing the effect of the biological pump. 
C) fueling increased primary production in ocean waters. 
D) acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells. 
A) increasing sedimentation of C,Ca,and Si. 
B) increasing the effect of the biological pump. 
C) fueling increased primary production in ocean waters. 
D) acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells.

Question 4

The Ca cycle is tightly coupled to the

Accepted Answer

A) carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters. 
B) phosphorus cycle through calcium phosphate formation in sediments and rocks. 
C) silica cycle through calcium silicate formation in coastal ocean sediments. 
D) nitrogen cycle because nitrogenase requires calcium ions. 
A) carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters. 
B) phosphorus cycle through calcium phosphate formation in sediments and rocks. 
C) silica cycle through calcium silicate formation in coastal ocean sediments. 
D) nitrogen cycle because nitrogenase requires calcium ions.

Question 5

Frozen methane molecules are called

Accepted Answer

A) anhydrous methane. 
B) anoxic methane. 
C) methane anhydrates. 
D) methane hydrates. 
A) anhydrous methane. 
B) anoxic methane. 
C) methane anhydrates. 
D) methane hydrates.

Question 6

A process where different microbial taxa work in cooperation to degrade a compound that neither can perform entirely on their own is called

Accepted Answer

A) allotrophy. 
B) ammensalism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) syntrophy. 
A) allotrophy. 
B) ammensalism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) syntrophy.

Question 7

Sulfide is toxic to respiring organisms,because it can combine with metals present in ________ that serve a critical function in respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis enzymes 
B) oxidases 
C) NADH 
D) cytochromes 
A) glycolysis enzymes 
B) oxidases 
C) NADH 
D) cytochromes

Question 8

The metabolic process of denitrification

Accepted Answer

A) oxidizes N₂. 
B) oxidizes NO₃⁻. 
C) reduces N₂. 
D) reduces NO₃⁻. 
A) oxidizes N₂. 
B) oxidizes NO₃⁻. 
C) reduces N₂. 
D) reduces NO₃⁻.

Question 9

What would the result be when a soil is supplemented with S⁰?

Accepted Answer

A) dimethyl sulfide production due to mixotrophs 
B) organic carbon production due to anaerobes 
C) soil acidification due to chemolithotrophs 
D) syntrophic utilization of sulfite 
A) dimethyl sulfide production due to mixotrophs 
B) organic carbon production due to anaerobes 
C) soil acidification due to chemolithotrophs 
D) syntrophic utilization of sulfite

Question 10

The burning of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of

Accepted Answer

A) sulfate. 
B) sulfite. 
C) sulfonate. 
D) sulfur dioxide. 
A) sulfate. 
B) sulfite. 
C) sulfonate. 
D) sulfur dioxide.

Question 11

Studying the redox cycling of Fe in the environment has led to the discovery

Accepted Answer

A) of bacteria that transfer electrons long distances and generate electric currents. 
B) of bacteria that destroy toxic metal ions. 
C) of archaea that have Fe in their cell walls. 
D) that Fe limits primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. 
A) of bacteria that transfer electrons long distances and generate electric currents. 
B) of bacteria that destroy toxic metal ions. 
C) of archaea that have Fe in their cell walls. 
D) that Fe limits primary production in terrestrial ecosystems.

Question 12

Greenhouse gases

Accepted Answer

A) such as CO₂,CH₄,and N₂O trap infrared radiation and heat the Earth. 
B) such as CO₂ increase plant and animal growth,resulting in more heat production on Earth. 
C) such as CO₂ and O₃ (ozone)interact with UV light and heat the Earth. 
D) such as CO₂,CH₄,and N₂O destroy O₃ (ozone)and allow more UV light to enter the atmosphere,thus increasing the temperature of the Earth's surface. 
A) such as CO₂,CH₄,and N₂O trap infrared radiation and heat the Earth. 
B) such as CO₂ increase plant and animal growth,resulting in more heat production on Earth. 
C) such as CO₂ and O₃ (ozone)interact with UV light and heat the Earth. 
D) such as CO₂,CH₄,and N₂O destroy O₃ (ozone)and allow more UV light to enter the atmosphere,thus increasing the temperature of the Earth's surface.

Question 13

The disposal of garbage or sewage in the ocean is known to cause the sudden growth of sulfate reducers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Mercury has both organic and inorganic forms that are neurotoxic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Coal contains substantial amounts of mercury.When coal is burned to generate heat or electricity,the mercury is released into the atmosphere.Most of this mercury is eventually deposited in the ocean or other aquatic environments.What happens to the mercury once it is deposited in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

In aquatic environments,bacteria convert

Question 16

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)is a

Accepted Answer

A) product of denitrification. 
B) product of nitrification. 
C) potent greenhouse gas. 
D) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification. 
A) product of denitrification. 
B) product of nitrification. 
C) potent greenhouse gas. 
D) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification.

Question 17

What is the largest carbon sink on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial biosphere 
B) rocks and sediments 
C) aquatic biosphere 
D) fossil fuels 
A) terrestrial biosphere 
B) rocks and sediments 
C) aquatic biosphere 
D) fossil fuels

Question 18

The Fe and Mn cycles include

Accepted Answer

A) reduced and oxidized forms that are very chemically reactive. 
B) large reservoirs of solid mineral forms that are chemically inert. 
C) incorporation of Fe and Mn into the exoskeletons of diatoms and other alga. 
D) toxic forms that can poison aquatic ecosystems if the cycles are imbalanced. 
A) reduced and oxidized forms that are very chemically reactive. 
B) large reservoirs of solid mineral forms that are chemically inert. 
C) incorporation of Fe and Mn into the exoskeletons of diatoms and other alga. 
D) toxic forms that can poison aquatic ecosystems if the cycles are imbalanced.

Question 19

Draw a microbial-based nitrogen cycle.In the open ocean there is plenty of sunlight and carbon dioxide for primary production,yet photosynthesis is limited in the open ocean compared to other aquatic environments.What limits photosynthesis in the open ocean?

Accepted Answer

.Photosynthesis in the open ocean is not

Question 20

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)reduced into ammonia (NH₃)to produce energy for the cell is called

Accepted Answer

A) ammonification. 
B) dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRN
A) . 
C) nitrification. 
D) redox. 
A) ammonification. 
B) dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRN
A) . 
C) nitrification. 
D) redox.

Exam 20: Nutrient Cycles

The primary energy source for termites comes from

Some bacteria have genes that confer resistance to mercury.

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is

The Ca cycle is tightly coupled to the

Frozen methane molecules are called

A process where different microbial taxa work in cooperation to degrade a compound that neither can perform entirely on their own is called

Sulfide is toxic to respiring organisms,because it can combine with metals present in ________ that serve a critical function in respiration.

The metabolic process of denitrification

What would the result be when a soil is supplemented with S⁰?

The burning of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of

Studying the redox cycling of Fe in the environment has led to the discovery

Greenhouse gases

The disposal of garbage or sewage in the ocean is known to cause the sudden growth of sulfate reducers.

Mercury has both organic and inorganic forms that are neurotoxic.

Coal contains substantial amounts of mercury.When coal is burned to generate heat or electricity,the mercury is released into the atmosphere.Most of this mercury is eventually deposited in the ocean or other aquatic environments.What happens to the mercury once it is deposited in the ocean?

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)is a

What is the largest carbon sink on Earth?

The Fe and Mn cycles include

Draw a microbial-based nitrogen cycle.In the open ocean there is plenty of sunlight and carbon dioxide for primary production,yet photosynthesis is limited in the open ocean compared to other aquatic environments.What limits photosynthesis in the open ocean?

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)reduced into ammonia (NH₃)to produce energy for the cell is called

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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