Question 1

When participants do not know if they are being exposed to the experimental treatment,they are said to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  blind 
B)  deceived 
C)  concealed 
D)  controlled 
E)  debriefed 
A)  blind 
B)  deceived 
C)  concealed 
D)  controlled 
E)  debriefed A

Question 2

The actors playing the role of the accosted shopper and thief in the bystanders and thieves study are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  confederates 
B)  assistants 
C)  criterions 
D)  affiliates 
E)  accomplices 
A)  confederates 
B)  assistants 
C)  criterions 
D)  affiliates 
E)  accomplices A

Question 3

What characteristic distinguishes the pretest-posttest control group design from the nonequivalent control group design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membership in the experimental and control groups is naturally assembled in the pretest-posttest control group design 
B)  Random assignment is not possible in the nonequivalent control group 
C)  No pretest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
D)  One cannot determine which group was exposed to the treatment in the nonequivalent control group design 
E)  No posttest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
A)  Membership in the experimental and control groups is naturally assembled in the pretest-posttest control group design 
B)  Random assignment is not possible in the nonequivalent control group 
C)  No pretest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
D)  One cannot determine which group was exposed to the treatment in the nonequivalent control group design 
E)  No posttest is used in the nonequivalent control group design B

Question 4

Diffusion of treatment refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study 
A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study

Question 5

Which of the following statements best represents the hypothesis in the bystanders and thieves study?

Accepted Answer

A)  People exposed to a robbery will judge the seriousness of the situation according to the response of the victim. 
B)  Bystanders will perceive a robbery as less frightening when in the company of another person. 
C)  Reports of a robbery are more likely among victims of a robbery when a witness is present. 
D)  Bystanders are more likely to report a theft if they view the theft alone than in another person's company. 
E)  Bystanders to a theft will be less likely to shop at the store in which the theft occurred. 
A)  People exposed to a robbery will judge the seriousness of the situation according to the response of the victim. 
B)  Bystanders will perceive a robbery as less frightening when in the company of another person. 
C)  Reports of a robbery are more likely among victims of a robbery when a witness is present. 
D)  Bystanders are more likely to report a theft if they view the theft alone than in another person's company. 
E)  Bystanders to a theft will be less likely to shop at the store in which the theft occurred.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best represents the hypothesis in the district attorney's study?

Accepted Answer

A)  People exposed to a robbery will judge the seriousness of the situation according to the response of the victim. 
B)  Bystanders will perceive a robbery as less frightening when in the company of another person. 
C)  More robberies are reported by bystanders who view the theft alone than by bystanders who view the theft in the company of others. 
D)  Reports of a robbery are more likely among victims of a robbery when a witness is present. 
E)  Bystanders to a theft will be less likely to shop at the store in which the theft occurred. 
A)  People exposed to a robbery will judge the seriousness of the situation according to the response of the victim. 
B)  Bystanders will perceive a robbery as less frightening when in the company of another person. 
C)  More robberies are reported by bystanders who view the theft alone than by bystanders who view the theft in the company of others. 
D)  Reports of a robbery are more likely among victims of a robbery when a witness is present. 
E)  Bystanders to a theft will be less likely to shop at the store in which the theft occurred.

Question 7

What type of research design is used in the bystanders and thieves study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Causal 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Monitoring 
E)  Communication 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Causal 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Monitoring 
E)  Communication

Question 8

The use of a(n)_____ serves as a comparison to assess the existence and potency of the manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental group 
B)  control group 
C)  criterion variable 
D)  explanatory variable 
E)  field experiment 
A)  experimental group 
B)  control group 
C)  criterion variable 
D)  explanatory variable 
E)  field experiment

Question 9

The use of a control group in experimentation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results 
A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results

Question 10

Which type of study is being conducted by the district attorney's office?

Accepted Answer

A)  Survey 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Ex post facto 
D)  Interview 
E)  Observation 
A)  Survey 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Ex post facto 
D)  Interview 
E)  Observation

Question 11

Local history refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study 
A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study

Question 12

What is the dependent variable in the bystanders and thieves study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The store environment 
B)  Exposure to a robbery 
C)  State of being alone or with another person 
D)  Act of reporting the robbery or not 
E)  Reaction of the accosted shopper following the robbery 
A)  The store environment 
B)  Exposure to a robbery 
C)  State of being alone or with another person 
D)  Act of reporting the robbery or not 
E)  Reaction of the accosted shopper following the robbery

Question 13

To assess the equivalence of the groups in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.

Accepted Answer

A)  (O2-O1) - (O4-O3) 
B)  O1-O3 
C)  O4-O3 
D)  O2-O3 
E)  O4-O2 
A)  (O2-O1) - (O4-O3) 
B)  O1-O3 
C)  O4-O3 
D)  O2-O3 
E)  O4-O2

Question 14

True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  true experimental designs use random assignment 
B)  pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group 
C)  pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests 
D)  true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups 
E)  pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity 
A)  true experimental designs use random assignment 
B)  pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group 
C)  pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests 
D)  true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups 
E)  pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity

Question 15

What are the seven steps a researcher follows in conducting an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The steps in conducting an experiment ar

Question 16

Which threat to internal validity is largely overcome by using random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Selection 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality 
A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Selection 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a post-test only control group experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group 
A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group

Question 18

One tool for visualizing the matching process of participants in an experiment is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  CPM 
B)  the quota matrix 
C)  random sampling 
D)  experimental design symbols 
E)  none of the above 
A)  CPM 
B)  the quota matrix 
C)  random sampling 
D)  experimental design symbols 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

_____ is concerned with the interaction of the experimental treatment with other factors and the resulting impact on the ability to generalize results to other times,settings,or persons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  External validity 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  Statistical significance 
E)  Substantive significance 
A)  Reliability 
B)  External validity 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  Statistical significance 
E)  Substantive significance

Question 20

When it is not possible to randomly assign participants to groups,_____ should be used.

Accepted Answer

A)  control groups 
B)  matching 
C)  replication 
D)  purposive assignment 
E)  pilot testing 
A)  control groups 
B)  matching 
C)  replication 
D)  purposive assignment 
E)  pilot testing

Exam 9: Experiments

When participants do not know if they are being exposed to the experimental treatment,they are said to be _____.

The actors playing the role of the accosted shopper and thief in the bystanders and thieves study are known as _____.

What characteristic distinguishes the pretest-posttest control group design from the nonequivalent control group design?

Diffusion of treatment refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Which of the following statements best represents the hypothesis in the bystanders and thieves study?

Which of the following statements best represents the hypothesis in the district attorney's study?

What type of research design is used in the bystanders and thieves study?

The use of a(n)_____ serves as a comparison to assess the existence and potency of the manipulation.

The use of a control group in experimentation _____.

Which type of study is being conducted by the district attorney's office?

Local history refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

What is the dependent variable in the bystanders and thieves study?

To assess the equivalence of the groups in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.

True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.

What are the seven steps a researcher follows in conducting an experiment?

Which threat to internal validity is largely overcome by using random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups?

Which of the following is an example of a post-test only control group experimental design?

One tool for visualizing the matching process of participants in an experiment is ____.

_____ is concerned with the interaction of the experimental treatment with other factors and the resulting impact on the ability to generalize results to other times,settings,or persons.

When it is not possible to randomly assign participants to groups,_____ should be used.

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Surveys

Measurement

Measurement Scales

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Measures of Association

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works

Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database Searchers and Advanced Searches

Appendix 9B: Test Markets

Appendix: Multivariate Supplement

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