Question 1

Define the null and alternative hypotheses.Discuss the relationship between the two hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A null hypothesis is a statement of the

Question 2

Which of the following involves a test of two-independent samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Test of differences in the percent of men and women who are or are not members of Greek organizations on campus 
B)  Test of the average incomes of subscribers of Southern Living and Better Homes and Gardens 
C)  Test of whether the mean salary of professors at Metro University is higher than the national average for university professors 
D)  Test of whether a change occurred in the proneness for heart disease among people who switched to a diet high in fish 
E)  Test of differences in ad recall among three experimental groups (each of which saw a different advertisement) and a control group 
A)  Test of differences in the percent of men and women who are or are not members of Greek organizations on campus 
B)  Test of the average incomes of subscribers of Southern Living and Better Homes and Gardens 
C)  Test of whether the mean salary of professors at Metro University is higher than the national average for university professors 
D)  Test of whether a change occurred in the proneness for heart disease among people who switched to a diet high in fish 
E)  Test of differences in ad recall among three experimental groups (each of which saw a different advertisement) and a control group

Question 3

Which of the following illustrates the correct expression of the alternate hypothesis that customers of McDonald's consume more than the national average of 36 hamburgers each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  H0: π≤ 36 
B)  HA: π> 36 
C)  H0: µ = 36 
D)  HA: µ≠ 36 
E)  HA: µ> 36 
A)  H0: π≤ 36 
B)  HA: π> 36 
C)  H0: µ = 36 
D)  HA: µ≠ 36 
E)  HA: µ> 36

Question 4

In which of the following situations should an a priori contrast be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  A t-test is used to conclude that men consume more hamburgers than women 
B)  A chi-square test is used to conclude that there is a difference in type of living quarters by class status 
C)  Using a one-way ANOVA, significant differences in ad recall are found between three experimental groups and one control group 
D)  A Z test indicates that the national average of the number of soft drinks consumed in the US exceeds that of France 
E)  All of the above can use an a priori contrast 
A)  A t-test is used to conclude that men consume more hamburgers than women 
B)  A chi-square test is used to conclude that there is a difference in type of living quarters by class status 
C)  Using a one-way ANOVA, significant differences in ad recall are found between three experimental groups and one control group 
D)  A Z test indicates that the national average of the number of soft drinks consumed in the US exceeds that of France 
E)  All of the above can use an a priori contrast

Question 5

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center. 
B)  As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution. 
C)  The t distributions are skewed to the left. 
D)  The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s2. 
E)  As the sample size increases beyond 120, the t and Z distributions are indistinguishable. 
A)  Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center. 
B)  As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the normal distribution. 
C)  The t distributions are skewed to the left. 
D)  The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s2. 
E)  As the sample size increases beyond 120, the t and Z distributions are indistinguishable.

Question 6

If the hypothesis presented is tested using a .05 alpha level and the resulting p value is .01,which of the following interpretations of the results is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no relationship between income and food expenditures 
B)  There is a relationship between income and food expenditures 
C)  As income increases, food expenditures increase 
D)  As income decreases, the percentage of income spent on food increases 
E)  None of the above 
A)  There is no relationship between income and food expenditures 
B)  There is a relationship between income and food expenditures 
C)  As income increases, food expenditures increase 
D)  As income decreases, the percentage of income spent on food increases 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following outcomes is roughly the equivalent of committing a type I error?

Accepted Answer

A)  Finding a guilty person guilty 
B)  Finding a guilty person not guilty 
C)  Finding an innocent person not guilty 
D)  Finding an innocent person guilty 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Finding a guilty person guilty 
B)  Finding a guilty person not guilty 
C)  Finding an innocent person not guilty 
D)  Finding an innocent person guilty 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

A two-way ANOVA differs from a one-way ANOVA in that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Post hoc comparisons are completed as a part of the initial test 
B)  It requires an assumption of normality 
C)  It examines possible interaction effects among two independent factors 
D)  It examines possible interaction effects among two or more dependent variables 
E)  It allows an examination of ordinal data 
A)  Post hoc comparisons are completed as a part of the initial test 
B)  It requires an assumption of normality 
C)  It examines possible interaction effects among two independent factors 
D)  It examines possible interaction effects among two or more dependent variables 
E)  It allows an examination of ordinal data

Question 9

Which of the following hypotheses is a one-tailed test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hybrid cars get better gas mileage than traditional cars 
B)  There is a difference in the gas mileage of cars and trucks 
C)  There is no difference in gas mileage among two-door and four-door vehicles 
D)  There is a relationship between the number of miles to one's job and the gas mileage associated with his or her chosen car 
E)  All of the above are one-tailed tests 
A)  Hybrid cars get better gas mileage than traditional cars 
B)  There is a difference in the gas mileage of cars and trucks 
C)  There is no difference in gas mileage among two-door and four-door vehicles 
D)  There is a relationship between the number of miles to one's job and the gas mileage associated with his or her chosen car 
E)  All of the above are one-tailed tests

Question 10

As one increases the significance level accepted for hypothesis testing,the probability of committing a type II error _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  stays the same 
D)  is rejected 
E)  is accepted 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  stays the same 
D)  is rejected 
E)  is accepted

Question 11

Which of the following best explains how the F ratio examines differences among groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  The variability attributable to a treatment is compared to the variability arising from random error 
B)  The probability of making a type I error is compared to the probability of making a type II error 
C)  The critical F is compared to the critical t 
D)  The standard deviation for each group is subtracted from the mean of all groups 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The variability attributable to a treatment is compared to the variability arising from random error 
B)  The probability of making a type I error is compared to the probability of making a type II error 
C)  The critical F is compared to the critical t 
D)  The standard deviation for each group is subtracted from the mean of all groups 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

Hypothesis testing of the effectiveness of two experimental manipulations against a control group finds that there is a significant difference in the mean score by group and the null hypothesis is rejected.Which test below can be used to determine where a difference exists?

Accepted Answer

A)  ANOVA 
B)  X2 
C)  F ratio 
D)  Z test 
E)  Scheffe's S 
A)  ANOVA 
B)  X2 
C)  F ratio 
D)  Z test 
E)  Scheffe's S

Question 13

Repeated measures taken from the same participant are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  examinations 
B)  related samples 
C)  time series data 
D)  trials 
E)  n-way tests 
A)  examinations 
B)  related samples 
C)  time series data 
D)  trials 
E)  n-way tests

Question 14

_____ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Two-tailed error 
C)  Type II error 
D)  One-tailed error 
E)  Parametric significance 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Two-tailed error 
C)  Type II error 
D)  One-tailed error 
E)  Parametric significance

Question 15

_____ statistics considers subjective probability estimates while _____ statistics considers only objective estimates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical, Bayesian 
B)  Inductive, deductive 
C)  Bayesian, classical 
D)  Descriptive, exploratory 
E)  Exploratory, descriptive 
A)  Classical, Bayesian 
B)  Inductive, deductive 
C)  Bayesian, classical 
D)  Descriptive, exploratory 
E)  Exploratory, descriptive

Question 16

Which type of error is also known as alpha?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Beta error 
D)  Standard error 
E)  Demand error 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Beta error 
D)  Standard error 
E)  Demand error

Question 17

The most common level of significance used in hypothesis testing is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  .05 
B)  .10 
C)  .25 
D)  .90 
E)  .95 
A)  .05 
B)  .10 
C)  .25 
D)  .90 
E)  .95

Question 18

Under which of the following conditions must the null hypothesis be rejected?

Accepted Answer

A)  p value    
C)  p value =   
D)  p value cannot be determined 
E)  p value is unrelated to hypothesis testing 
A)  p value    
C)  p value =   
D)  p value cannot be determined 
E)  p value is unrelated to hypothesis testing

Question 19

The _____ is a parametric test to determine the statistical significance between the sample distribution mean and a population parameter.

Accepted Answer

A)  F statistic 
B)  t-test 
C)  Z distribution 
D)  Z test 
E)  t distribution 
A)  F statistic 
B)  t-test 
C)  Z distribution 
D)  Z test 
E)  t distribution

Question 20

Which of the following hypotheses is a two-tailed test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hamburger consumption differs among men and women 
B)  Men consume more hamburgers than women 
C)  Women are more concerned with the health consequences associated with eating hamburgers than are men 
D)  There is no difference in hamburger consumption among men and women 
E)  All of the above are two-tailed tests 
A)  Hamburger consumption differs among men and women 
B)  Men consume more hamburgers than women 
C)  Women are more concerned with the health consequences associated with eating hamburgers than are men 
D)  There is no difference in hamburger consumption among men and women 
E)  All of the above are two-tailed tests

Exam 17: Hypothesis Testing

Define the null and alternative hypotheses.Discuss the relationship between the two hypotheses.

Which of the following involves a test of two-independent samples?

Which of the following illustrates the correct expression of the alternate hypothesis that customers of McDonald's consume more than the national average of 36 hamburgers each year?

In which of the following situations should an a priori contrast be used?

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

If the hypothesis presented is tested using a .05 alpha level and the resulting p value is .01,which of the following interpretations of the results is most appropriate?

Which of the following outcomes is roughly the equivalent of committing a type I error?

A two-way ANOVA differs from a one-way ANOVA in that _____.

Which of the following hypotheses is a one-tailed test?

As one increases the significance level accepted for hypothesis testing,the probability of committing a type II error _____.

Which of the following best explains how the F ratio examines differences among groups?

Hypothesis testing of the effectiveness of two experimental manipulations against a control group finds that there is a significant difference in the mean score by group and the null hypothesis is rejected.Which test below can be used to determine where a difference exists?

Repeated measures taken from the same participant are called _____.

_____ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

_____ statistics considers subjective probability estimates while _____ statistics considers only objective estimates.

Which type of error is also known as alpha?

The most common level of significance used in hypothesis testing is _____.

Under which of the following conditions must the null hypothesis be rejected?

The _____ is a parametric test to determine the statistical significance between the sample distribution mean and a population parameter.

Which of the following hypotheses is a two-tailed test?

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Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

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_ statistics considers subjective probability estimates while _ statistics considers only objective estimates.