Question 1

_____ is the school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Gestalt psychology 
B) Behaviorism 
C) Structuralism 
D) Functionalism 
A) Gestalt psychology 
B) Behaviorism 
C) Structuralism 
D) Functionalism

Question 2

Which of the following is the best example of covert behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) blinking in response to a light 
B) imitating a friend's gesture 
C) remembering a pleasant experience 
D) rapid eye movements while sleeping 
A) blinking in response to a light 
B) imitating a friend's gesture 
C) remembering a pleasant experience 
D) rapid eye movements while sleeping

Question 3

Maslow proposed a need to develop one's potential and be the best one can be, which he called

Accepted Answer

A) self-image. 
B) self-concept. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) self-actualization. 
A) self-image. 
B) self-concept. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) self-actualization.

Question 4

_____ refers to appraising yourself as good or bad, while _____ is the mental perspective that you use to interpret events.

Accepted Answer

A) Self-actualization; self-reinforcement 
B) Self-evaluation; self-actualization 
C) Self-evaluation; frame of reference 
D) Frame of reference; self-reinforcement 
A) Self-actualization; self-reinforcement 
B) Self-evaluation; self-actualization 
C) Self-evaluation; frame of reference 
D) Frame of reference; self-reinforcement

Question 5

Stimuli, responses, conditioning, and learning are key concepts in the thinking of

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorists. 
B) Gestalt psychologists. 
C) structuralists. 
D) psychoanalysts. 
A) behaviorists. 
B) Gestalt psychologists. 
C) structuralists. 
D) psychoanalysts.

Question 6

_____, an American scholar, broadened psychology to include animal behavior, religious experience, and abnormal behavior and helped to establish psychology as a separate discipline with his first book, Principles of Psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) William James. 
B)  B.F.Skinner. 
C) Edward Titchener. 
D) John Watson. 
A) William James. 
B)  B.F.Skinner. 
C) Edward Titchener. 
D) John Watson.

Question 7

It may be difficult to study the difference in academic achievement between children who do and do not eat breakfast at a boarding school because

Accepted Answer

A) it is impossible to monitor. 
B) the scientists would have to rely on the children's self-reports. 
C) it is unethical to require that some children not eat breakfast. 
D) some children do not like to eat breakfast. 
A) it is impossible to monitor. 
B) the scientists would have to rely on the children's self-reports. 
C) it is unethical to require that some children not eat breakfast. 
D) some children do not like to eat breakfast.

Question 8

_____ is a frequently questioned and misunderstood goal of psychology because it _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Control; may seem like a threat to personal freedom 
B) Description; does not provide any useful information 
C) Understanding; often refers to constructs we cannot see 
D) Prediction; stereotypes people 
A) Control; may seem like a threat to personal freedom 
B) Description; does not provide any useful information 
C) Understanding; often refers to constructs we cannot see 
D) Prediction; stereotypes people

Question 9

The eclectic approach

Accepted Answer

A) stresses the Gestalt perspective. 
B) emphasizes the biological functioning of the brain and nervous system. 
C) embraces a variety of theoretical views. 
D) has disappeared entirely as a perspective in psychology. 
A) stresses the Gestalt perspective. 
B) emphasizes the biological functioning of the brain and nervous system. 
C) embraces a variety of theoretical views. 
D) has disappeared entirely as a perspective in psychology.

Question 10

Wundt observed stimuli of various kinds and then used a process called _____ to probe his reactions to these stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) analytical logic 
B) reduction division 
C) transduction 
D) introspection 
A) analytical logic 
B) reduction division 
C) transduction 
D) introspection

Question 11

Four developmental psychologists have been conducting separate research into the patterns of language development of deaf children.They meet in Chicago to discuss, summarize, and, hopefully, interrelate their conclusions from their published works and propose future research on this topic.Within the framework of the scientific method, these psychologists would most likely be

Accepted Answer

A) proposing a hypothesis. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) operationally defining terms. 
D) theory building. 
A) proposing a hypothesis. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) operationally defining terms. 
D) theory building.

Question 12

Pavlov's contribution to behaviorism lies in his discovery of

Accepted Answer

A) the conditioned response. 
B) self-observation. 
C) conscious experience. 
D) unconscious motivation. 
A) the conditioned response. 
B) self-observation. 
C) conscious experience. 
D) unconscious motivation.

Question 13

In order to determine the cause of behavior, the questions we ask must be

Accepted Answer

A) tentative. 
B) testable. 
C) based on theory. 
D) novel. 
A) tentative. 
B) testable. 
C) based on theory. 
D) novel.

Question 14

Barry goes to a psychologist who will try to understand Barry's frame of reference in interpreting the world and to improve Barry's self-image.Barry's psychologist is most likely utilizing the _____ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) behaviorist 
C) psychoanalytical 
D) functionalist 
A) humanistic 
B) behaviorist 
C) psychoanalytical 
D) functionalist

Question 15

Freud stressed the role of _____ in shaping our personalities.

Accepted Answer

A) self-actualization 
B) conditioned responses 
C) rewards and punishments 
D) unconscious conflicts 
A) self-actualization 
B) conditioned responses 
C) rewards and punishments 
D) unconscious conflicts

Question 16

_____ realized that he could study the overt behavior of animals by simply observing the relationship between stimuli and an animal's responses.

Accepted Answer

A) John B. Watson 
B) Wilhelm Wudt 
C) Abraham Maslow 
D) Max Wertheimer 
A) John B. Watson 
B) Wilhelm Wudt 
C) Abraham Maslow 
D) Max Wertheimer

Question 17

Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning B. F. Skinner's work?

Accepted Answer

A)  He is known for developing the theory of classical conditioning through experiments in which he conditioned dogs to salivate to bells. 
B)  He developed an operant conditioning chamber that bears his name. 
C)  He believed that misguided rewards lead to destructive actions that create problems, such as overpopulation, pollution, and war. 
D)  He disliked the use of punishment 
A)  He is known for developing the theory of classical conditioning through experiments in which he conditioned dogs to salivate to bells. 
B)  He developed an operant conditioning chamber that bears his name. 
C)  He believed that misguided rewards lead to destructive actions that create problems, such as overpopulation, pollution, and war. 
D)  He disliked the use of punishment

Question 18

Which section of a research report provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related topics to the current one being investigated?

Accepted Answer

A) results 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) discussion 
A) results 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) discussion

Question 19

According to the authors of your textbook, it is important to study psychology because

Accepted Answer

A) studying psychology can help you to understand yourself and others. 
B) studying psychology can help you to interpret and evaluate the psychological topics presented in the media and on the Internet. 
C) you cannot consider yourself educated without knowing something about psychology. 
D) all of these are reasons to study psychology. 
A) studying psychology can help you to understand yourself and others. 
B) studying psychology can help you to interpret and evaluate the psychological topics presented in the media and on the Internet. 
C) you cannot consider yourself educated without knowing something about psychology. 
D) all of these are reasons to study psychology.

Question 20

A scientist wants to find out if there is empirical evidence for a relationship between caffeine and aggressive behavior.She would

Accepted Answer

A) interview people to get their opinions. 
B) correlate newspaper accounts and the types of beverages consumed. 
C) test the idea by conducting an experiment. 
D) gather the opinions of experts in the fields of neurology and sociology. 
A) interview people to get their opinions. 
B) correlate newspaper accounts and the types of beverages consumed. 
C) test the idea by conducting an experiment. 
D) gather the opinions of experts in the fields of neurology and sociology.

Exam 1: Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

_____ is the school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior.

Which of the following is the best example of covert behavior?

Maslow proposed a need to develop one's potential and be the best one can be, which he called

_____ refers to appraising yourself as good or bad, while _____ is the mental perspective that you use to interpret events.

Stimuli, responses, conditioning, and learning are key concepts in the thinking of

_____, an American scholar, broadened psychology to include animal behavior, religious experience, and abnormal behavior and helped to establish psychology as a separate discipline with his first book, Principles of Psychology.

It may be difficult to study the difference in academic achievement between children who do and do not eat breakfast at a boarding school because

_____ is a frequently questioned and misunderstood goal of psychology because it _____.

The eclectic approach

Wundt observed stimuli of various kinds and then used a process called _____ to probe his reactions to these stimuli.

Pavlov's contribution to behaviorism lies in his discovery of

In order to determine the cause of behavior, the questions we ask must be

Barry goes to a psychologist who will try to understand Barry's frame of reference in interpreting the world and to improve Barry's self-image.Barry's psychologist is most likely utilizing the _____ approach to therapy.

Freud stressed the role of _____ in shaping our personalities.

_____ realized that he could study the overt behavior of animals by simply observing the relationship between stimuli and an animal's responses.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning B. F. Skinner's work?

Which section of a research report provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related topics to the current one being investigated?

According to the authors of your textbook, it is important to study psychology because

A scientist wants to find out if there is empirical evidence for a relationship between caffeine and aggressive behavior.She would

Introduction the Psychology

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

_ refers to appraising yourself as good or bad, while _ is the mental perspective that you use to interpret events.

_ is a frequently questioned and misunderstood goal of psychology because it _.