Exam 6: A--Learning

An inborn, automatic connection between a stimulus and a response is called a (an) ____________________.

In classical conditioning, responding increases in both ____________________ and ____________________.

Every time that Susie comes home from school, she drops her keys loudly in a bowl in the kitchen and then opens a can of cat food for her cat, Mabel. After two weeks of this behavior, Mabel begins salivating every time that she hears Susie's keys. Identify the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.

The ____________________, who have dominated the study of animal learning, insist that psychologists should study only observable, measurable behaviors, not mental processes.

Negative reinforcement decreases the likelihood of a response.

The ____________________ refers to the previously established association to one stimulus blocks the formation of an association to the added stimulus.

The more similar a new stimulus is to the original reinforced stimulus, the more likely is the same response. This phenomenon is known as ____________________.

Pavlov paired the sound from a metronome with the presentation of food and measured the dog's salivation response. The sound from the metronome is known as the unconditioned stimulus.

An event that decreases the probability of a response is known as ____________________.

Research on punishment suggests that increasing the length of prison sentences should effectively reduce criminal behavior such as selling illegal drugs.

A rat learns to press a lever to escape from an electric shock. This is an example of ____________________.

Conditioned taste aversion has been used to keep coyotes from killing sheep without affecting their willingness to hunt for other prey.

Describe the four schedules of reinforcement and give an example of each type of reinforcement schedule.

In operant conditioning ____________________ occurs if responses stop producing reinforcements.

Psychologists are nearly unanimous in their agreement that physical punishment (spanking) effectively reduces the likelihood of unwanted responses over extended periods of time.

Radical behaviorists reject the idea that internal states (such as thoughts and feelings) cause behavior.

Correlational studies have found that children who are spanked tend to be more aggressive and more prone to antisocial behavior later in life compared to other children.

In Pavlov's experiment the ____________________ was similar to the ____________________.

Spontaneous recovery is a temporary return of an extinguished response after no delay.

In operant conditioning, there are a number of types of rein forcers and punishment that can be used to either increase or decrease behavior. Alexander's mother is trying to change his behavior in terms of teaching him to be more responsible for his fish. Alexander likes to spend all of his time playing video games, but his mother is trying to reduce the number of hours he spends playing video games and increase the number of times that he cleans his fishbowl. Currently, he is given a timeout everyday when he does not clean his fishbowl. Give an example of how his mother could attempt to change Alexander's behavior using; negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, and punishment.