Exam 5: A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

____________________ is the tendency for certain kinds of people to drop out of a study.

Parenting styles tend to be consistent within a family (for example, parents who are authoritarian with their first child tend to be authoritarian with their other children).

Gender differences in play behavior, for example, are much more obvious in groups of boys and groups of girls than they are when individual boys and girls are tested in the laboratory.

Researchers often use twins to study whether variation in a given behavior depends more on the variation in genes than on variation in the environment. Define the difference between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins. If a researcher had two sets of twins (one pair of dizygotic twins and one pair of monozygotic twins) and both sets resembled each other in terms of their sense of humor, what is the researcher likely to conclude about the heritability of that trait?

An investigator who uses a ____________________ design examines different groups of people at the same time.

Research on twins separated at birth has led scientists to begin identifying the genes that cause specific behaviors, such as hobbies and other preferences.

The research findings point to the conclusion that children placed in day care do worse on a variety of social and cognitive measures compared to children who were not in day care.

Except for your red blood cells, all of your cells contain a nucleus, which includes strands of hereditary material called chromosomes.

Define theory of mind and give an example of a situation involving a child that has not yet developed theory of mind.

A ____________________ study follows a single group of individuals as they develop.

Piaget called the third stage of intellectual development the sensorimotor stage.

The patterns of attachment originally found in the United States have been consistently observed in every culture that has been studied.

Sections along each chromosome, known as ____________________, control the chemical reactions that direct development.

Researchers have found that exercise programs designed to increase older people's physical activity levels also lead to improvements in their memory and cognition.

Newborns who hear the same sound repeatedly show ____________________, which means ____________________.

Imagine a married couple that has five children. If this family is typical, the research strongly suggests that the oldest (first-born) child will have a higher IQ than the other children in the family.

A cohort is a group of people born at a particular time or a group of people who enter an organization at a particular time.

____________________ is the tendency to be active or inactive, outgoing or reserved, and to respond vigorously or quietly to new stimuli.

Temperament remains fairly consistent across the lifespan.

Although new mothers may claim that their newborns (less than 3 days old) can recognize the sound of their voice, there is no research evidence to support this claim.