Question 1

The term personality comes from the Latin word persona, which means

Accepted Answer

A)  nice, or friendly. 
B)  experience. 
C)  mask. 
D)  stable, or permanent. 
A)  nice, or friendly. 
B)  experience. 
C)  mask. 
D)  stable, or permanent. C

Question 2

Freud's influence within psychology __________; his influence outside of psychology __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is greater than it has ever been...is almost nonexistent 
B)  was never very great...was significant at one time, but has declined 
C)  continues to be very high...is very much on the decline 
D)  is very much on the decline...continues to be very high 
A)  is greater than it has ever been...is almost nonexistent 
B)  was never very great...was significant at one time, but has declined 
C)  continues to be very high...is very much on the decline 
D)  is very much on the decline...continues to be very high D

Question 3

Carl Jung concentrated on

Accepted Answer

A)  probing the collective unconscious, as revealed in symbols and art. 
B)  providing reinforcement for new learned patterns of behavior. 
C)  examining the assumptions behind a client's style of life. 
D)  making people conscious of memories that had been repressed. 
A)  probing the collective unconscious, as revealed in symbols and art. 
B)  providing reinforcement for new learned patterns of behavior. 
C)  examining the assumptions behind a client's style of life. 
D)  making people conscious of memories that had been repressed. A

Question 4

How many inkblots will a person taking the Rorschach Inkblot Test view during the course of the test?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  100 or more 
A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  100 or more

Question 5

The Thematic Apperception Test is NOT

Accepted Answer

A)  a projective personality test. 
B)  a series of pictures. 
C)  used by clinical psychologists. 
D)  a measurement of IQ. 
A)  a projective personality test. 
B)  a series of pictures. 
C)  used by clinical psychologists. 
D)  a measurement of IQ.

Question 6

A student who fails an exam begs, cries, and pouts. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  projection 
C)  regression 
D)  displacement 
A)  repression 
B)  projection 
C)  regression 
D)  displacement

Question 7

A measure of personality that produces consistent or repeatable scores has __________, and a measure of personality that predicts something useful, such as actual behavior has __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity...utility 
B)  reliability...validity 
C)  utility...reliability 
D)  validity...reliability 
A)  validity...utility 
B)  reliability...validity 
C)  utility...reliability 
D)  validity...reliability

Question 8

According to personality theorists, a tendency to experience negative emotions easily is defined as __________. A tendency to enjoy new experiences and seek the company of other people is defined as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism...extraversion 
B)  introversion...extraversion 
C)  extraversion...neuroticism 
D)  extraversion...introversion 
A)  neuroticism...extraversion 
B)  introversion...extraversion 
C)  extraversion...neuroticism 
D)  extraversion...introversion

Question 9

When the Rorschach Inkblots are administered, the instructions to the subject are

Accepted Answer

A)  unusually precise, compared with other personality tests. 
B)  intentionally vague. 
C)  to follow the examples that the psychologist provides. 
D)  to tell a story with a beginning, a middle, and an end. 
A)  unusually precise, compared with other personality tests. 
B)  intentionally vague. 
C)  to follow the examples that the psychologist provides. 
D)  to tell a story with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Question 10

Nomothetic laws apply to __________; idiographic laws apply to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  personality traits...personality states 
B)  personality...intelligence 
C)  people in general...individuals 
D)  individuals...people in general 
A)  personality traits...personality states 
B)  personality...intelligence 
C)  people in general...individuals 
D)  individuals...people in general

Question 11

You are given a series of words on a computer screen and asked to say the color that the word is printed in as quickly as possible. Your response time is especially long for the words PSYCHOLOGY, MIDTERM, and GRADUATION. The experimenter concludes that you are

Accepted Answer

A)  responding to these words more slowly because they are very familiar as a result of studying. 
B)  having trouble focusing your eyes on these words. 
C)  anxious about your psychology midterm and fear that you will fail it and not graduate. 
D)  suffering from depression. 
A)  responding to these words more slowly because they are very familiar as a result of studying. 
B)  having trouble focusing your eyes on these words. 
C)  anxious about your psychology midterm and fear that you will fail it and not graduate. 
D)  suffering from depression.

Question 12

One of the main ways psychologists have studied the causes of differences in personality among people is to

Accepted Answer

A)  perform factor analysis on answers given to written questionnaires about various traits. 
B)  ask people for their own explanations for how their personalities developed. 
C)  compare the similarities in personality between identical twins and fraternal twins. 
D)  unobtrusively observe people interacting in everyday situations. 
A)  perform factor analysis on answers given to written questionnaires about various traits. 
B)  ask people for their own explanations for how their personalities developed. 
C)  compare the similarities in personality between identical twins and fraternal twins. 
D)  unobtrusively observe people interacting in everyday situations.

Question 13

What criterion did personality researchers use when they identified the "big five" personality traits? The traits should account for much of behavior AND...

Accepted Answer

A)  not correlate strongly with one another. 
B)  relate to major points in prevalent theories of personality. 
C)  develop at distinct stages of a person's life. 
D)  depend on different areas of the brain. 
A)  not correlate strongly with one another. 
B)  relate to major points in prevalent theories of personality. 
C)  develop at distinct stages of a person's life. 
D)  depend on different areas of the brain.

Question 14

Using the big five description of personality, we find that most adults show a slight increase in __________ as they grow older.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  openness to experience 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  openness to experience 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 15

Why does the MMPI include some items that very few people check true, such as "I have never been angry"?

Accepted Answer

A)  to identify certain extremely rare personality types 
B)  to confuse people about what the test is measuring 
C)  to see whether someone is lying 
D)  to measure creative thinking 
A)  to identify certain extremely rare personality types 
B)  to confuse people about what the test is measuring 
C)  to see whether someone is lying 
D)  to measure creative thinking

Question 16

According to Jung, we all inherit vague images as part of our collective unconscious, called:

Accepted Answer

A)  libido. 
B)  defense mechanisms. 
C)  the Electra complex. 
D)  archetypes. 
A)  libido. 
B)  defense mechanisms. 
C)  the Electra complex. 
D)  archetypes.

Question 17

According to Freud, what does the ego do?

Accepted Answer

A)  makes rational decisions 
B)  evaluates behavior in comparison to the prohibitions taught by one's parents 
C)  urges behavior toward immediate fulfillment of biological drives 
D)  seeks a feeling of superiority over others 
A)  makes rational decisions 
B)  evaluates behavior in comparison to the prohibitions taught by one's parents 
C)  urges behavior toward immediate fulfillment of biological drives 
D)  seeks a feeling of superiority over others

Question 18

According to Alfred Adler, developing mental health or mental illness depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the contents of your collective unconscious. 
B)  the ratio of pleasure to displeasure in your early childhood. 
C)  the ratio of dopamine to serotonin in your prefrontal cortex. 
D)  the goals you seek in your life. 
A)  the contents of your collective unconscious. 
B)  the ratio of pleasure to displeasure in your early childhood. 
C)  the ratio of dopamine to serotonin in your prefrontal cortex. 
D)  the goals you seek in your life.

Question 19

What did Alfred Adler mean by the term "individual psychology"?

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychology in which one individual makes the decisions for everyone else 
B)  a psychology that treats each person differently 
C)  a psychology of the person as an indivisible whole 
D)  a psychology in which each person makes his or her own decisions 
A)  a psychology in which one individual makes the decisions for everyone else 
B)  a psychology that treats each person differently 
C)  a psychology of the person as an indivisible whole 
D)  a psychology in which each person makes his or her own decisions

Question 20

According to Freud, what made certain people highly vulnerable to psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolism contained in their collective unconscious 
B)  hereditary physiological weakness 
C)  sexual fantasies during early childhood 
D)  a failure to understand their own style of life 
A)  symbolism contained in their collective unconscious 
B)  hereditary physiological weakness 
C)  sexual fantasies during early childhood 
D)  a failure to understand their own style of life

Exam 14: Personality

The term personality comes from the Latin word persona, which means

Freud's influence within psychology __________; his influence outside of psychology __________.

Carl Jung concentrated on

How many inkblots will a person taking the Rorschach Inkblot Test view during the course of the test?

The Thematic Apperception Test is NOT

A student who fails an exam begs, cries, and pouts. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

A measure of personality that produces consistent or repeatable scores has __________, and a measure of personality that predicts something useful, such as actual behavior has __________.

According to personality theorists, a tendency to experience negative emotions easily is defined as __________. A tendency to enjoy new experiences and seek the company of other people is defined as __________.

When the Rorschach Inkblots are administered, the instructions to the subject are

Nomothetic laws apply to __________; idiographic laws apply to __________.

You are given a series of words on a computer screen and asked to say the color that the word is printed in as quickly as possible. Your response time is especially long for the words PSYCHOLOGY, MIDTERM, and GRADUATION. The experimenter concludes that you are

One of the main ways psychologists have studied the causes of differences in personality among people is to

What criterion did personality researchers use when they identified the "big five" personality traits? The traits should account for much of behavior AND...

Using the big five description of personality, we find that most adults show a slight increase in __________ as they grow older.

Why does the MMPI include some items that very few people check true, such as "I have never been angry"?

According to Jung, we all inherit vague images as part of our collective unconscious, called:

According to Freud, what does the ego do?

According to Alfred Adler, developing mental health or mental illness depends on

What did Alfred Adler mean by the term "individual psychology"?

According to Freud, what made certain people highly vulnerable to psychological disorders?

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

Freud's influence within psychology ; his influence outside of psychology .

A measure of personality that produces consistent or repeatable scores has , and a measure of personality that predicts something useful, such as actual behavior has .

According to personality theorists, a tendency to experience negative emotions easily is defined as . A tendency to enjoy new experiences and seek the company of other people is defined as .

Nomothetic laws apply to ; idiographic laws apply to .