Exam 13: A--Social Psychology

The actor-observer effect is the tendency to attribute your own behavior mostly to ____________________ causes and the behavior of other people mostly to ____________________ causes.

Hank falls to the sidewalk among many other pedestrians-he's having a heart attack! Harry falls to the sidewalk in the presence of just one other pedestrian-he's having a heart attack! Hank is more likely to receive help than Harry is.

According to research on the sleeper effect, persuasion attempts are much more likely to be successful when we hear them subconsciously, such as when we are asleep.

Social psychologists use the term ____________________ to describe a situation in which people say nothing and each person falsely assumes that others have a better-informed opinion.

Compared to the United States, researchers typically find that conformity rates are higher in ____________________.

Solomon Asch had participants choose which line was the same length as a comparison line in the presence of confederates who chose obviously wrong answers. Asch found about twice as much conformity when the number of confederates was large (about 10) as when it was smaller (about 5).

A group of volunteers and paid staff work for a political campaign. The candidate loses the election. According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, the volunteers are more likely to be upset and feel that they have wasted their time than the paid staff.

____________________ is defined as the behavior of helping others despite some cost or risk to oneself.

Regardless of whether our potential for altruistic, cooperative behavior depends on a genetic predisposition, experiences, or a combination of the two, it has to develop in some way. Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning is a process that naturally matures through a series of stages. Name and describe the two stages that comprise the preconventional morality level.

Attributions that we adopt to maximize credit for success and minimize blame for failure are called ____________________.

Social perception and ____________________ are the processes we use to learn about others and make inferences from that information.

In the prisoner's dilemma, the most dependable strategy is ____________________, also called "tit for tat."

The vast majority of students at Really Big State University wear backpacks with straps over both shoulders. The vast majority of students at the University of Some Distant State wear backpacks with just a single strap over one shoulder. Students at both universities say they wear their backpacks that way because it is the most comfortable for them. The students' backpack wearing behavior at both schools reflects normative influence.

The prisoner's dilemma is an attempt to investigate ____________________ and ____________________. or

The term aversive racism refers to a blatant, obvious form of hostility for people of other races.

Latané and Darley proposed that being in a crowd decreases our probability of action because of ____________________.

According to the door-in-the-face technique, an effective way to get you to agree to a big request (take a group of juvenile delinquents to the zoo on Saturday) is to first ask you to do an even larger request (serve as a counselor to the delinquents for two hours, every week for the next two years).

Altruistic behavior refers to helping others despite some cost or risk to others.

A common way of measuring attitudes is to have people check points along a line ranging from 1, meaning "strongly disagree" to 7, meaning "strongly agree." This rating scale is called a ____________________ scale.

If you base your explanation of somebody's behavior on attitudes or personality traits, this would be based on ____________________ attribution. If you base your explanation on the day's events or rewards associated with certain acts, this would be based on ____________________ attribution.