Exam 16: A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

People who suffer from ____________________ typically enter REM sleep much more quickly than normal after falling asleep.

There is a stronger genetic basis for Type I alcoholism than there is for Type II alcoholism.

At this point in time, there is strong agreement among psychologists that alcoholism is a disease.

Some people who suffer from the seasonal affective disorder experience periods of depression during the summer months.

In John B. Watson's analysis of phobia learning, the conditioned stimulus was ____________________ and the unconditioned stimulus was _____________________.

Addicted drug users rarely get intense pleasure, also called ____________________, from a drug, but they continue to ____________________ anyway.

A key symptom of panic disorder is ____________________.

Most people with major depression experience sleep abnormalities such as awakening earlier than usual without being able to go back to sleep.

Nearly all drugs that commonly produce addictions stimulate receptors in the hippocampus.

Research has demonstrated that monkeys can learn to fear snakes by watching videotapes of other monkeys showing fear of snakes.

A ____________________ is an extreme, persistent fear that interferes with normal living.

One explanation of why people develop fears of some objects more readily than other objects is that we are predisposed to develop fears for items that have been dangerous in our history. This explanation supports a/an _____________________ view of phobias.

Of all the people who try to quit alcohol or other drugs on their own, an estimated ____________________ manage to succeed, though not necessarily on their first try. or

People with panic disorder (PD) have frequent periods of anxiety and occasional attacks of panic-rapid breathing, increased heart rate, chest pains, sweating, faintness, and trembling. One of the possible treatments for panic disorders is cognitive-behavioral therapy. Describe the lessons taught in cognitive-behavioral therapy in terms of panic disorders.

Sarah finds herself suffering from depression for about two months almost every winter. Julie may receive a diagnosis of ____________________. or

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in treating depression because it helps people to forget depressing memories.

A repetitive, unwelcome train of thought is known as ____________________.

A phobia is an extreme, persistent fear that interferes with normal living. Phobias are often described as irrational due to the excessive degree of the fear, which leads to avoidance behaviors and panic in the presence of the feared object. One common and usually successful type of behavior therapy for phobia is systematic desensitization. Describe how systematic desensitization might be used to treat someone who fears heights. How might this be modified to use virtual reality technology?

One reason why phobias are so persistent is that they are related to ____________________, a kind of learning that is very resistant to extinction.

Opiates are a class of drugs that are derived from opium and are often used for pain relief. For those who cannot quit using opiates through behavioral treatments, researchers have sought to find a nonaddictive substitute that would satisfy the craving for opiates without harmful side effects. Describe two drugs that have been used to help people who are addicted to opiates.