Exam 14: A--Personality

The approach to the study of individual differences that seeks general laws about how some aspect of personality affect behavior is the ____________________ approach.

In Freud's terms, blockage of normal sexual development at some stage is called ____________________.

Research on the Barnum effect suggests that the best way to validate a personality test is to determine whether the person who completed the test agrees with the assessment.

According to humanistic psychology, the goal of life is ____________________.

According to Jung, the collective unconscious is present in each individual at birth.

____________________ theory of personality emphasized people's search for a spiritual meaning in life and the continuity of human experience, past and present.

The big five personality traits were derived by psychologists who observed thousands of people behaving in hundreds of different situations.

According to Adler, a healthy personality involves the development of social interest.

According to Freud anyone who has fixated a great deal of libido in an earlier stage has little libido left for the genital stage.

Personality states are personality characteristics that are persistent over time.

Freud's influence within psychology has declined substantially over time.

Psychologists study personalities in two ways, called the nomothetic and the idiographic approaches. Discuss the difference between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality.

Psychologists have devised questionnaires to measure belief in a just world, self-esteem, and hundreds of other traits. Measuring hundreds of traits is impractical. Researchers have instead used factor analysis to develop five major clusters of personality traits which they call the big five personality traits. Name and describe three of the five traits.

According to Freud, children go through five stages of psychosexual development, and each leaves its mark on the adult personality. If normal sexual development is blocked or frustrated at any stage, part of the libido becomes fixated at that stage. Describe Freud's five stages of sexual development and the sexual interest that accompanies each stage.

The idea that individuals are basically destructive and have to be held in check by society are views that were expressed by ____________________ and ____________________. or

Humanistic psychologists view humans as being essentially good.

A psychologist is interested in validating her new personality questionnaire. One common method of validating the test is to correlate scores on the test with measures of relevant behaviors.

Striving for success is to ____________________ as collective unconscious is to ____________________.

Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow, complained that most psychologists concentrate on negatively disordered personalities rather than the positive, desirable ways individuals differ from one another. He proposed that people's highest need is self-actualization, the fulfillment of an individual's potential. Describe three of the characteristics that people with a self-actualized personality show.

Sigmund Freud's approach is called ____________________. Alfred Adler's approach is called ____________________.