Question 1

Which of the following contributes to the temperament of an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics, but not environment 
B)  environment, but not genetics 
C)  both genetics and environment 
D)  neither genetics nor environment 
A)  genetics, but not environment 
B)  environment, but not genetics 
C)  both genetics and environment 
D)  neither genetics nor environment C

Question 2

Young infants do show evidence of object permanence if they are tested in a different way. What is the evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  They manipulate objects with their feet in a different and more advanced way than they use their hands. 
B)  Although they cannot describe objects at the time, they can remember them and describe them later after they learn to talk. 
C)  They make hand gestures that seem to describe objects they have seen. 
D)  They stare longer at "impossible" events, such as a toy car passing through a place where they remember seeing a barrier. 
A)  They manipulate objects with their feet in a different and more advanced way than they use their hands. 
B)  Although they cannot describe objects at the time, they can remember them and describe them later after they learn to talk. 
C)  They make hand gestures that seem to describe objects they have seen. 
D)  They stare longer at "impossible" events, such as a toy car passing through a place where they remember seeing a barrier. D

Question 3

Some 2 1/2-year-old children are shown a small toy hidden in a small room, and then asked to find a larger toy in a larger room, using one room as a "map" of the other. Although they ordinarily fail, they can perform correctly if

Accepted Answer

A)  they are tested early in the morning. 
B)  they are tested by a familiar researcher, with at least one parent present. 
C)  the researcher repeats the instructions more slowly. 
D)  the question is worded or explained in a different way. 
A)  they are tested early in the morning. 
B)  they are tested by a familiar researcher, with at least one parent present. 
C)  the researcher repeats the instructions more slowly. 
D)  the question is worded or explained in a different way. D

Question 4

What was Piaget's view on intellectual development occurring in stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget argued against the notion that children progress through stages of intellectual development. 
B)  Piaget argued that all children go through four major stages, but that the order of stages varies from child to child. 
C)  Piaget argued that all children go through four major stages in the same order. 
D)  Piaget argued that in some cultures children pass through only one stage, while in other cultures children progress through as many as 12 stages. 
A)  Piaget argued against the notion that children progress through stages of intellectual development. 
B)  Piaget argued that all children go through four major stages, but that the order of stages varies from child to child. 
C)  Piaget argued that all children go through four major stages in the same order. 
D)  Piaget argued that in some cultures children pass through only one stage, while in other cultures children progress through as many as 12 stages.

Question 5

A 6-month-old watches a toy car go down a track, behind a curtain, and apparently through a block that should have stopped it. How does the child react, if at all? (And what conclusion do psychologists draw?)

Accepted Answer

A)  The child looks away. (The child has lost interest). 
B)  The child stares longer than usual. (The impossible result surprised the child.) 
C)  The child reaches toward the toy car. (The child lacks the concept of conservation.) 
D)  The child does not react at all. (The child lacks the concept of object permanence.) 
A)  The child looks away. (The child has lost interest). 
B)  The child stares longer than usual. (The impossible result surprised the child.) 
C)  The child reaches toward the toy car. (The child lacks the concept of conservation.) 
D)  The child does not react at all. (The child lacks the concept of object permanence.)

Question 6

Suppose you wish to study the development of personality in children, but you are worried that you might accidentally select different kinds of people at different ages. Which experimental design should you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  anecdotal 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  anecdotal

Question 7

According to Piaget, equilibration

Accepted Answer

A)  is the key to intellectual growth. 
B)  takes place once the child gives up assimilation and accepts accommodation. 
C)  takes place once the child gives up accommodations and accepts assimilation. 
D)  must be established before the child enters the sensorimotor stage. 
A)  is the key to intellectual growth. 
B)  takes place once the child gives up assimilation and accepts accommodation. 
C)  takes place once the child gives up accommodations and accepts assimilation. 
D)  must be established before the child enters the sensorimotor stage.

Question 8

In which kind of study does an investigator repeatedly study the same group of people as they get older?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  factor analysis 
A)  cross-cultural 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  factor analysis

Question 9

PKU is an inherited condition that can cause mental retardation. The retardation can be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  taking L-DOPA pills. 
B)  a special diet. 
C)  special education programs. 
D)  getting more sleep than usual. 
A)  taking L-DOPA pills. 
B)  a special diet. 
C)  special education programs. 
D)  getting more sleep than usual.

Question 10

According to Erik Erikson, the main concern of a newborn infant is

Accepted Answer

A)  early experiences of independence. 
B)  achievement and self-worth. 
C)  conflict with parental restrictions. 
D)  forming a trusting attachment. 
A)  early experiences of independence. 
B)  achievement and self-worth. 
C)  conflict with parental restrictions. 
D)  forming a trusting attachment.

Question 11

In Piaget's terminology, what is it that sometimes gets assimilated and sometimes gets accommodated?

Accepted Answer

A)  the child 
B)  a cohort 
C)  a schema 
D)  an identity 
A)  the child 
B)  a cohort 
C)  a schema 
D)  an identity

Question 12

Men have __________ and women have __________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  two Y...two X 
B)  one Y...one X and one Y 
C)  one X and one Y...two X and one Y 
D)  one X and one Y...two X 
A)  two Y...two X 
B)  one Y...one X and one Y 
C)  one X and one Y...two X and one Y 
D)  one X and one Y...two X

Question 13

Jean Piaget's main emphasis was that

Accepted Answer

A)  children in different stages think in different ways. 
B)  developmental processes differ substantially among cultures. 
C)  parenting style has a major influence on social development. 
D)  positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment. 
A)  children in different stages think in different ways. 
B)  developmental processes differ substantially among cultures. 
C)  parenting style has a major influence on social development. 
D)  positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment.

Question 14

European-American children of authoritarian parents tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  lack a sense of social responsibility. 
B)  be especially independent. 
C)  be slow in language development. 
D)  be discontent and distrustful. 
A)  lack a sense of social responsibility. 
B)  be especially independent. 
C)  be slow in language development. 
D)  be discontent and distrustful.

Question 15

Someone who sets high goals early in life but who does not start working toward them is likely to go through which experience at about age 40?

Accepted Answer

A)  moratorium 
B)  midlife transition 
C)  Kohlberg's stages 
D)  identity achievement 
A)  moratorium 
B)  midlife transition 
C)  Kohlberg's stages 
D)  identity achievement

Question 16

What is the evidence that a newborn infant can detect the difference between "ba" and "pa" sounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  An infant can learn to look one direction after hearing "ba" and a different direction after hearing "pa." 
B)  An infant smiles after hearing a "pa" sound but not after hearing a "ba" sound. 
C)  An infant learns to suck harder to turn on a "pa" sound, but not to turn on a "ba" sound. 
D)  After habituating to a "ba" sound, an infant sucks harder after hearing "pa." 
A)  An infant can learn to look one direction after hearing "ba" and a different direction after hearing "pa." 
B)  An infant smiles after hearing a "pa" sound but not after hearing a "ba" sound. 
C)  An infant learns to suck harder to turn on a "pa" sound, but not to turn on a "ba" sound. 
D)  After habituating to a "ba" sound, an infant sucks harder after hearing "pa."

Question 17

A cross-sectional research study in developmental psychology examines

Accepted Answer

A)  a single group of people repeatedly as they grow older. 
B)  several different groups of people, of different ages. 
C)  several different groups of people, of the same age but different cultures. 
D)  several different behaviors, for a single group of people at one time. 
A)  a single group of people repeatedly as they grow older. 
B)  several different groups of people, of different ages. 
C)  several different groups of people, of the same age but different cultures. 
D)  several different behaviors, for a single group of people at one time.

Question 18

The Strange Situation

Accepted Answer

A)  is no longer used for ethical reasons. 
B)  is not useful after about 18 months of age. 
C)  is used to determine if children are ready to begin school. 
D)  is currently used only with non-human animals. 
A)  is no longer used for ethical reasons. 
B)  is not useful after about 18 months of age. 
C)  is used to determine if children are ready to begin school. 
D)  is currently used only with non-human animals.

Question 19

Selective attrition (the problem that some of the subjects in a study may drop out before the study is completed) is a complication in which kind(s) of study?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional study 
B)  longitudinal study 
C)  both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, but more so in a cross-sectional study 
D)  neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal studies 
A)  cross-sectional study 
B)  longitudinal study 
C)  both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, but more so in a cross-sectional study 
D)  neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal studies

Question 20

Ainsworth has devised a test of attachment that involves the mother and an infant entering a room with toys. Then, a stranger enters, the mother and stranger leave, the stranger returns, and finally the mother returns. The responses of the infant are monitored in this test, which is called the __________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant Detachment 
B)  Emotional Attachment 
C)  Strange Situation 
D)  Child Abandonment 
A)  Infant Detachment 
B)  Emotional Attachment 
C)  Strange Situation 
D)  Child Abandonment

Exam 5: Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Which of the following contributes to the temperament of an individual?

Young infants do show evidence of object permanence if they are tested in a different way. What is the evidence?

Some 2 1/2-year-old children are shown a small toy hidden in a small room, and then asked to find a larger toy in a larger room, using one room as a "map" of the other. Although they ordinarily fail, they can perform correctly if

What was Piaget's view on intellectual development occurring in stages?

A 6-month-old watches a toy car go down a track, behind a curtain, and apparently through a block that should have stopped it. How does the child react, if at all? (And what conclusion do psychologists draw?)

Suppose you wish to study the development of personality in children, but you are worried that you might accidentally select different kinds of people at different ages. Which experimental design should you use?

According to Piaget, equilibration

In which kind of study does an investigator repeatedly study the same group of people as they get older?

PKU is an inherited condition that can cause mental retardation. The retardation can be prevented by

According to Erik Erikson, the main concern of a newborn infant is

In Piaget's terminology, what is it that sometimes gets assimilated and sometimes gets accommodated?

Men have __________ and women have __________ chromosomes.

Jean Piaget's main emphasis was that

European-American children of authoritarian parents tend to

Someone who sets high goals early in life but who does not start working toward them is likely to go through which experience at about age 40?

What is the evidence that a newborn infant can detect the difference between "ba" and "pa" sounds?

A cross-sectional research study in developmental psychology examines

The Strange Situation

Selective attrition (the problem that some of the subjects in a study may drop out before the study is completed) is a complication in which kind(s) of study?

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

Men have and women have chromosomes.