Question 1

It is good to help other people, but only because they may one day return the favor. This sentiment best represents which of Kohlberg's levels of morality?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  preconventional 
A)  unconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  preconventional D

Question 2

Social loafing generally does NOT occur

Accepted Answer

A)  when people know that their individual contribution can be evaluated. 
B)  when there are more than 10 people in the group. 
C)  when all of the group members are the same sex. 
D)  when there are both men and women in the group. 
A)  when people know that their individual contribution can be evaluated. 
B)  when there are more than 10 people in the group. 
C)  when all of the group members are the same sex. 
D)  when there are both men and women in the group. A

Question 3

In all cultures for which we have data,

Accepted Answer

A)  women express no interest in the attractiveness of their partner. 
B)  men are equally concerned with their partner's attractiveness and earning potential. 
C)  women prefer an attractive partner but are also concerned with earning potential. 
D)  men express no interest in the attractiveness of their partner. 
A)  women express no interest in the attractiveness of their partner. 
B)  men are equally concerned with their partner's attractiveness and earning potential. 
C)  women prefer an attractive partner but are also concerned with earning potential. 
D)  men express no interest in the attractiveness of their partner. C

Question 4

A poorly qualified speaker proposes a reasonable idea. What kind of influence (if any) is this likely to have on those who hear it?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will move toward accepting the opposite idea. 
B)  They will disregard the idea at first but take it seriously later. 
C)  They will be persuaded at first but they will reject the idea later. 
D)  They will ignore the idea, both immediately and later. 
A)  They will move toward accepting the opposite idea. 
B)  They will disregard the idea at first but take it seriously later. 
C)  They will be persuaded at first but they will reject the idea later. 
D)  They will ignore the idea, both immediately and later.

Question 5

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and other tests have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  most White college students are overtly racist. 
B)  most Black college students are overtly racist. 
C)  unconscious attitudes influence behavior. 
D)  there is no such thing as an unconscious. 
A)  most White college students are overtly racist. 
B)  most Black college students are overtly racist. 
C)  unconscious attitudes influence behavior. 
D)  there is no such thing as an unconscious.

Question 6

One of the main reasons why people frequently fail to help a person in distress is

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  the actor-observer effect. 
A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  the actor-observer effect.

Question 7

Logan is speaking on the phone to Jean. Logan has never spoken with Jane before, but he has seen her picture and finds her very attractive. According to the research on self-fulfilling prophecies, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Logan will become nervous and end up disliking Jean. 
B)  Jean will notice that Logan is nervous and end up disliking Logan. 
C)  Logan will behave in a friendly way, which will cause Jean to behave in a friendly way. 
D)  Jean will rate Logan as friendly but unattractive, while Logan will rate Jean as attractive but unfriendly. 
A)  Logan will become nervous and end up disliking Jean. 
B)  Jean will notice that Logan is nervous and end up disliking Logan. 
C)  Logan will behave in a friendly way, which will cause Jean to behave in a friendly way. 
D)  Jean will rate Logan as friendly but unattractive, while Logan will rate Jean as attractive but unfriendly.

Question 8

Cross-cultural research has examined the types of attributions made by Chinese and American participants. Which of the following is the best conclusion from this research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chinese and American participants make highly similar attributions in nearly all situations. 
B)  Chinese participants make much stronger internal attributions than American participants. 
C)  Strong cultural differences have been found, and these differences are due to the ancient traditions within the two cultures. 
D)  Cultural differences have been found, but it is difficult to determine precisely why or what such differences may mean. 
A)  Chinese and American participants make highly similar attributions in nearly all situations. 
B)  Chinese participants make much stronger internal attributions than American participants. 
C)  Strong cultural differences have been found, and these differences are due to the ancient traditions within the two cultures. 
D)  Cultural differences have been found, but it is difficult to determine precisely why or what such differences may mean.

Question 9

What is aversive racism?

Accepted Answer

A)  believing individuals are all equal, but group membership makes them unequal 
B)  consciously expressing the idea that all people are equal, and nevertheless unintentionally discriminating against some groups 
C)  expressing an unfavorable attitude toward a group of people 
D)  a stereotype which is correct 
A)  believing individuals are all equal, but group membership makes them unequal 
B)  consciously expressing the idea that all people are equal, and nevertheless unintentionally discriminating against some groups 
C)  expressing an unfavorable attitude toward a group of people 
D)  a stereotype which is correct

Question 10

The group polarization effect refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  a group that is composed of people with widely differing opinions tends to shift most of them toward a moderate position. 
B)  people with opposite personalities find each other attractive. 
C)  groups that discuss an issue tend to split into opposite, hostile camps. 
D)  after a group discusses an issue it tends to shift toward a more extreme opinion. 
A)  a group that is composed of people with widely differing opinions tends to shift most of them toward a moderate position. 
B)  people with opposite personalities find each other attractive. 
C)  groups that discuss an issue tend to split into opposite, hostile camps. 
D)  after a group discusses an issue it tends to shift toward a more extreme opinion.

Question 11

In one recent study, people watched married couples have three-minute videotaped conversations. Participants then rated how satisfied each couple was, and these estimates were then compared to the couples' own reported satisfaction. Participants who were MOST accurate were

Accepted Answer

A)  marriage counselors and researchers. 
B)  unmarried people. 
C)  people who were themselves in moderately satisfying marriages. 
D)  people who were themselves in either highly satisfying or highly unsatisfying marriages. 
A)  marriage counselors and researchers. 
B)  unmarried people. 
C)  people who were themselves in moderately satisfying marriages. 
D)  people who were themselves in either highly satisfying or highly unsatisfying marriages.

Question 12

The sleeper effect refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are more easily persuaded after they have had a good night's sleep. 
B)  people are easily persuaded by messages they hear while they are asleep. 
C)  the effect of peripheral-route influences increase over time. 
D)  people often accept a message that they initially rejected, once they begin to forget peripheral-route influences. 
A)  people are more easily persuaded after they have had a good night's sleep. 
B)  people are easily persuaded by messages they hear while they are asleep. 
C)  the effect of peripheral-route influences increase over time. 
D)  people often accept a message that they initially rejected, once they begin to forget peripheral-route influences.

Question 13

In a classic study, Solomon Asch measured conformity by testing

Accepted Answer

A)  how much the opinions of jurors in a courtroom trial changed after the jury discussed a case. 
B)  whether someone would agree with a majority that gave wrong answers in a visual-judgment experiment. 
C)  how much an address by the president of the United States changed public opinion as measured by a survey. 
D)  how much the smoking and drinking habits of high-school students differed from those of their parents. 
A)  how much the opinions of jurors in a courtroom trial changed after the jury discussed a case. 
B)  whether someone would agree with a majority that gave wrong answers in a visual-judgment experiment. 
C)  how much an address by the president of the United States changed public opinion as measured by a survey. 
D)  how much the smoking and drinking habits of high-school students differed from those of their parents.

Question 14

The process of assigning causes to someone's behavior (including one's own) is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  attribution. 
D)  bias. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  group polarization. 
C)  attribution. 
D)  bias.

Question 15

After people have agreed to a small request,

Accepted Answer

A)  they cancel their agreement to the small request if anyone suggests a larger request. 
B)  their probability of agreeing to a large request is not affected. 
C)  they become more likely to agree to a large request. 
D)  they become less likely to agree to a large request. 
A)  they cancel their agreement to the small request if anyone suggests a larger request. 
B)  their probability of agreeing to a large request is not affected. 
C)  they become more likely to agree to a large request. 
D)  they become less likely to agree to a large request.

Question 16

People listening to a message on a topic that they consider of little importance will probably follow the __________ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  dissonant 
B)  central 
C)  cognitive 
D)  peripheral 
A)  dissonant 
B)  central 
C)  cognitive 
D)  peripheral

Question 17

Someone is asked to scream and clap as loud as she can. If she is alone she screams louder than if she is screaming as part of a group of people who are all screaming as loud as they can. This is an example of what psychologists call

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  conformity. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  group polarization. 
A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  conformity. 
C)  social loafing. 
D)  group polarization.

Question 18

After a political candidate lost badly in an election, the paid political workers were discouraged but the volunteers felt their effort was worthwhile. What psychological principle is probably responsible for the difference in attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization 
B)  conformity 
C)  cognitive dissonance 
D)  attributional bias 
A)  group polarization 
B)  conformity 
C)  cognitive dissonance 
D)  attributional bias

Question 19

Compared to less attractive people, attractive people are generally judged __________ favorably, and one reason for this belief is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more...an external attribution 
B)  more...a self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  less...an external attribution 
D)  less...a self-fulfilling prophecy 
A)  more...an external attribution 
B)  more...a self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  less...an external attribution 
D)  less...a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 20

According to an evolutionary perspective, men are more interested in casual sex than are women due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the probability of spreading their genes. 
B)  culturally learned expectations. 
C)  the absence of testosterone in women. 
D)  a lack of moral integrity. 
A)  an increase in the probability of spreading their genes. 
B)  culturally learned expectations. 
C)  the absence of testosterone in women. 
D)  a lack of moral integrity.

Exam 13: Social Psychology

It is good to help other people, but only because they may one day return the favor. This sentiment best represents which of Kohlberg's levels of morality?

Social loafing generally does NOT occur

In all cultures for which we have data,

A poorly qualified speaker proposes a reasonable idea. What kind of influence (if any) is this likely to have on those who hear it?

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and other tests have shown that

One of the main reasons why people frequently fail to help a person in distress is

Logan is speaking on the phone to Jean. Logan has never spoken with Jane before, but he has seen her picture and finds her very attractive. According to the research on self-fulfilling prophecies, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Cross-cultural research has examined the types of attributions made by Chinese and American participants. Which of the following is the best conclusion from this research?

What is aversive racism?

The group polarization effect refers to the fact that

In one recent study, people watched married couples have three-minute videotaped conversations. Participants then rated how satisfied each couple was, and these estimates were then compared to the couples' own reported satisfaction. Participants who were MOST accurate were

The sleeper effect refers to the fact that

In a classic study, Solomon Asch measured conformity by testing

The process of assigning causes to someone's behavior (including one's own) is known as

After people have agreed to a small request,

People listening to a message on a topic that they consider of little importance will probably follow the __________ route to persuasion.

Someone is asked to scream and clap as loud as she can. If she is alone she screams louder than if she is screaming as part of a group of people who are all screaming as loud as they can. This is an example of what psychologists call

After a political candidate lost badly in an election, the paid political workers were discouraged but the volunteers felt their effort was worthwhile. What psychological principle is probably responsible for the difference in attitudes?

Compared to less attractive people, attractive people are generally judged __________ favorably, and one reason for this belief is __________.

According to an evolutionary perspective, men are more interested in casual sex than are women due to

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

Compared to less attractive people, attractive people are generally judged favorably, and one reason for this belief is .