Question 1

Why are some people nearsighted (myopic)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their fovea is in the shadow of the pupil. 
B)  Their lens has become stiff and inflexible. 
C)  Their eyeball is elongated; the distance from pupil to retina is long. 
D)  Their eyeball is flattened; the distance from pupil to retina is short. 
A)  Their fovea is in the shadow of the pupil. 
B)  Their lens has become stiff and inflexible. 
C)  Their eyeball is elongated; the distance from pupil to retina is long. 
D)  Their eyeball is flattened; the distance from pupil to retina is short. C

Question 2

For people to be able to focus both on nearby objects and on objects far away, they can see best if the shape of their eyeballs is

Accepted Answer

A)  flattened. 
B)  elongated. 
C)  spherical. 
D)  lopsided. 
A)  flattened. 
B)  elongated. 
C)  spherical. 
D)  lopsided. C

Question 3

The central part of the human retina is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  basilar membrane. 
B)  blind spot. 
C)  fovea. 
D)  cochlea. 
A)  basilar membrane. 
B)  blind spot. 
C)  fovea. 
D)  cochlea. C

Question 4

Compared to the cones, the rods

Accepted Answer

A)  have greater sensitivity to detail. 
B)  are more numerous in the periphery of the retina. 
C)  are more important for color vision. 
D)  are less effective for vision in dim light. 
A)  have greater sensitivity to detail. 
B)  are more numerous in the periphery of the retina. 
C)  are more important for color vision. 
D)  are less effective for vision in dim light.

Question 5

Pain sensations increase due to the release in the nervous system of the neurotransmitter called

Accepted Answer

A)  endorphin. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  substance P. 
D)  dopamine. 
A)  endorphin. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  substance P. 
D)  dopamine.

Question 6

Which sensory system is most impaired in astronauts who are experiencing weightlessness in space?

Accepted Answer

A)  vestibular sensation 
B)  vision 
C)  olfaction 
D)  somatosensory sensation 
A)  vestibular sensation 
B)  vision 
C)  olfaction 
D)  somatosensory sensation

Question 7

By what means do we perceive the pitch of an intermediate-frequency sound (such as 1000 Hz)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sound wave of 1000 Hz excites 1,000 hair cells to respond. 
B)  A sound wave of a particular frequency excites hair cells at a particular location along the basilar membrane. 
C)  Each hair cell sends one impulse for each sound wave. 
D)  Each sound wave excites a group, or volley, of hair cells. 
A)  A sound wave of 1000 Hz excites 1,000 hair cells to respond. 
B)  A sound wave of a particular frequency excites hair cells at a particular location along the basilar membrane. 
C)  Each hair cell sends one impulse for each sound wave. 
D)  Each sound wave excites a group, or volley, of hair cells.

Question 8

One of the functions of the vestibular system is to detect the

Accepted Answer

A)  direction and distance of sounds. 
B)  pressure on the skin. 
C)  chemicals in the air. 
D)  position of the head. 
A)  direction and distance of sounds. 
B)  pressure on the skin. 
C)  chemicals in the air. 
D)  position of the head.

Question 9

Which of the following is associated with a decrease in pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of substance P 
B)  spinal cord injection of capsaicin 
C)  release of endorphins 
D)  injections of naloxone 
A)  high levels of substance P 
B)  spinal cord injection of capsaicin 
C)  release of endorphins 
D)  injections of naloxone

Question 10

Which of the following aspects of color vision depends most strongly on the cerebral cortex-and can be lost after damage to the cerebral cortex that does not impair other aspects of color vision?

Accepted Answer

A)  color constancy 
B)  perception of blue light 
C)  negative afterimages 
D)  color brightness 
A)  color constancy 
B)  perception of blue light 
C)  negative afterimages 
D)  color brightness

Question 11

One reversible figure can be seen either as a vase or as two profiles looking toward each other. This example illustrates the Gestalt principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  figure and ground. 
B)  good figure. 
C)  proximity. 
D)  continuation. 
A)  figure and ground. 
B)  good figure. 
C)  proximity. 
D)  continuation.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of motion parallax?

Accepted Answer

A)  You feel tension in your eye muscles when you focus on a nearby object. 
B)  As you travel in a car, nearby objects pass by faster than distant objects do. 
C)  An illuminated point in an otherwise dark room appears to move. 
D)  People notice a slowly moving object even if they had not been paying attention to it before it started to move. 
A)  You feel tension in your eye muscles when you focus on a nearby object. 
B)  As you travel in a car, nearby objects pass by faster than distant objects do. 
C)  An illuminated point in an otherwise dark room appears to move. 
D)  People notice a slowly moving object even if they had not been paying attention to it before it started to move.

Question 13

If you want to see something in detail you focus it on the

Accepted Answer

A)  fovea. 
B)  cornea. 
C)  periphery. 
D)  iris. 
A)  fovea. 
B)  cornea. 
C)  periphery. 
D)  iris.

Question 14

Which of the following apparently makes the greatest contribution to the phenomenon of optical illusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  misjudgment of depth 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  the fact that the image of an object is inverted on the retina 
D)  tension on the eye muscles 
A)  misjudgment of depth 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  the fact that the image of an object is inverted on the retina 
D)  tension on the eye muscles

Question 15

Our ability to distinguish one high-frequency sound from another-for example, 8000 Hz from 9000 Hz-depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  which part of the basilar membrane has hair cells with the greatest activity. 
B)  the frequency of action potentials produced by each axon in the auditory nerve. 
C)  differences in response between cells in the left ear and cells in the right ear. 
D)  differences in the velocity of individual action potentials of the auditory nerve. 
A)  which part of the basilar membrane has hair cells with the greatest activity. 
B)  the frequency of action potentials produced by each axon in the auditory nerve. 
C)  differences in response between cells in the left ear and cells in the right ear. 
D)  differences in the velocity of individual action potentials of the auditory nerve.

Question 16

Why are people generally unable to distinguish color in their extreme peripheral vision?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptors in the periphery are mostly rods. 
B)  Receptors in the periphery are too close to the blind spot. 
C)  Yellow pigments in the periphery filter out many wavelengths. 
D)  Colored light is diffracted by the eyeball like a rainbow so it does not reach the periphery. 
A)  Receptors in the periphery are mostly rods. 
B)  Receptors in the periphery are too close to the blind spot. 
C)  Yellow pigments in the periphery filter out many wavelengths. 
D)  Colored light is diffracted by the eyeball like a rainbow so it does not reach the periphery.

Question 17

People who can listen to a musical instrument play and consistently correctly identify the note being played are said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute pitch. 
B)  vestibular sense. 
C)  relative pitch. 
D)  conduction deafness. 
A)  absolute pitch. 
B)  vestibular sense. 
C)  relative pitch. 
D)  conduction deafness.

Question 18

What causes some people to develop absolute pitch, the ability to name a tone (such as B#) after hearing it?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a rare gene that causes unusual development of part of the brain. 
B)  They have a rare gene that causes unusual development of the basilar membrane of the ear. 
C)  They overdevelop auditory sensitivity after damage to one of the other senses. 
D)  They practice the skill, usually beginning in early childhood. 
A)  They have a rare gene that causes unusual development of part of the brain. 
B)  They have a rare gene that causes unusual development of the basilar membrane of the ear. 
C)  They overdevelop auditory sensitivity after damage to one of the other senses. 
D)  They practice the skill, usually beginning in early childhood.

Question 19

The Ames room is used to study

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory deprivation. 
B)  the role of reverberation and reflection in sound localization. 
C)  optical illusions. 
D)  subliminal perception. 
A)  sensory deprivation. 
B)  the role of reverberation and reflection in sound localization. 
C)  optical illusions. 
D)  subliminal perception.

Question 20

According to the trichromatic (Young-Helmholtz) theory, we perceive color by

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative levels of activity by three types of cones. 
B)  different velocities of impulses by each receptor in the retina. 
C)  different frequencies of impulses by each receptor in the retina. 
D)  a red-green system and a yellow-blue system. 
A)  the relative levels of activity by three types of cones. 
B)  different velocities of impulses by each receptor in the retina. 
C)  different frequencies of impulses by each receptor in the retina. 
D)  a red-green system and a yellow-blue system.

Exam 4: Sensation and Perception

Why are some people nearsighted (myopic)?

For people to be able to focus both on nearby objects and on objects far away, they can see best if the shape of their eyeballs is

The central part of the human retina is called the

Compared to the cones, the rods

Pain sensations increase due to the release in the nervous system of the neurotransmitter called

Which sensory system is most impaired in astronauts who are experiencing weightlessness in space?

By what means do we perceive the pitch of an intermediate-frequency sound (such as 1000 Hz)?

One of the functions of the vestibular system is to detect the

Which of the following is associated with a decrease in pain?

Which of the following aspects of color vision depends most strongly on the cerebral cortex-and can be lost after damage to the cerebral cortex that does not impair other aspects of color vision?

One reversible figure can be seen either as a vase or as two profiles looking toward each other. This example illustrates the Gestalt principle of

Which of the following is an example of motion parallax?

If you want to see something in detail you focus it on the

Which of the following apparently makes the greatest contribution to the phenomenon of optical illusions?

Our ability to distinguish one high-frequency sound from another-for example, 8000 Hz from 9000 Hz-depends on

Why are people generally unable to distinguish color in their extreme peripheral vision?

People who can listen to a musical instrument play and consistently correctly identify the note being played are said to have

What causes some people to develop absolute pitch, the ability to name a tone (such as B#) after hearing it?

The Ames room is used to study

According to the trichromatic (Young-Helmholtz) theory, we perceive color by

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

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