Question 1

The individuals with the greatest total amount of sleep are __________; the individuals with the greatest amount of REM sleep are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  older adults...infants 
B)  older adults...young adults 
C)  young adults...older adults 
D)  infants...infants 
A)  older adults...infants 
B)  older adults...young adults 
C)  young adults...older adults 
D)  infants...infants D

Question 2

During REM sleep,

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain is less active than at any other time. 
B)  heart rate and breathing rate are low and steady. 
C)  the muscles are tense and active. 
D)  dreaming is likely to occur. 
A)  the brain is less active than at any other time. 
B)  heart rate and breathing rate are low and steady. 
C)  the muscles are tense and active. 
D)  dreaming is likely to occur. D

Question 3

What happens to body temperature and logical reasoning over the course of an experiment in which volunteers go without sleep for 3 days?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both progressively decline at a steady rate over the three days and nights. 
B)  Both reach a low level after the first sleepless night and stay at that level until the person sleeps again. 
C)  They become lower over days, but they improve a bit each morning compared to the previous night. 
D)  They become lower for the first two days and then start to improve. 
A)  They both progressively decline at a steady rate over the three days and nights. 
B)  Both reach a low level after the first sleepless night and stay at that level until the person sleeps again. 
C)  They become lower over days, but they improve a bit each morning compared to the previous night. 
D)  They become lower for the first two days and then start to improve. C

Question 4

An EEG record dominated by long, slow waves indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the muscles are tense and ready for vigorous activity. 
B)  a large proportion of neurons are active in synchrony with one another. 
C)  the percentage of neurons producing action potentials is larger than usual. 
D)  neurons in the left hemisphere are more active than those in the right hemisphere. 
A)  the muscles are tense and ready for vigorous activity. 
B)  a large proportion of neurons are active in synchrony with one another. 
C)  the percentage of neurons producing action potentials is larger than usual. 
D)  neurons in the left hemisphere are more active than those in the right hemisphere.

Question 5

An examination of electroencephalograph (EEG) waves as related to sleep and being awake suggest that the EEG waves:

Accepted Answer

A)  are similar when a person is in stage 4 sleep and awake. 
B)  become shorter and choppier as a person moves from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep. 
C)  become larger as a person goes into deeper sleep because a larger proportion of the active neurons are active at the same time. 
D)  are the largest when a person is very awake because the brain is most active. 
A)  are similar when a person is in stage 4 sleep and awake. 
B)  become shorter and choppier as a person moves from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep. 
C)  become larger as a person goes into deeper sleep because a larger proportion of the active neurons are active at the same time. 
D)  are the largest when a person is very awake because the brain is most active.

Question 6

Hypnotized subjects who are told not to see certain lines claim that they do not see them. How do we know that they do see them?

Accepted Answer

A)  They experience certain optical illusions that they would not experience if they really did not see those lines. 
B)  They remember the lines and describe them after they come out of hypnosis. 
C)  They draw pictures of those lines while saying they do not see them. 
D)  They blink their eyes whenever they look in the general direction of those lines. 
A)  They experience certain optical illusions that they would not experience if they really did not see those lines. 
B)  They remember the lines and describe them after they come out of hypnosis. 
C)  They draw pictures of those lines while saying they do not see them. 
D)  They blink their eyes whenever they look in the general direction of those lines.

Question 7

Sigmund Freud would agree with the title of which of these Disney songs?

Accepted Answer

A)  "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes" 
B)  "Whistle While You Work" 
C)  "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" 
D)  "When You Wish upon a Star" 
A)  "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes" 
B)  "Whistle While You Work" 
C)  "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" 
D)  "When You Wish upon a Star"

Question 8

Measurements of brain activity during a binocular rivalry task involving the flashing of two stimuli at different rates showed

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the left hemisphere when the images were consciously perceived. 
B)  increased activity in the right hemisphere when the images were consciously perceived. 
C)  large portions of the brain become activated according to which stimulus is consciously perceived. 
D)  red-colored stimuli produced left hemispheric activity whereas green colored stimuli produced right hemispheric activity. 
A)  increased activity in the left hemisphere when the images were consciously perceived. 
B)  increased activity in the right hemisphere when the images were consciously perceived. 
C)  large portions of the brain become activated according to which stimulus is consciously perceived. 
D)  red-colored stimuli produced left hemispheric activity whereas green colored stimuli produced right hemispheric activity.

Question 9

What happens when hypnotized people are asked to recall the events of early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  They answer with confidence, but their answers are generally incorrect. 
B)  They answer correctly back to memories from about age 3 years. 
C)  They answer correctly back to memories from about age 1 year. 
D)  They talk baby talk, so it is hard to tell whether their answers are accurate. 
A)  They answer with confidence, but their answers are generally incorrect. 
B)  They answer correctly back to memories from about age 3 years. 
C)  They answer correctly back to memories from about age 1 year. 
D)  They talk baby talk, so it is hard to tell whether their answers are accurate.

Question 10

What does the EEG record for stage 4 sleep look like (compared to other stages of sleep)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is relatively flat. 
B)  It contains a large number of short, choppy waves. 
C)  It looks similar to the EEG that is found in people who are awake. 
D)  It includes many long, slow waves. 
A)  It is relatively flat. 
B)  It contains a large number of short, choppy waves. 
C)  It looks similar to the EEG that is found in people who are awake. 
D)  It includes many long, slow waves.

Question 11

Childhood memories recalled under hypnosis

Accepted Answer

A)  are often inaccurate. 
B)  accurately describe events that people did not even notice when they happened. 
C)  faithfully reproduce events going back to less than age 1 year. 
D)  are so vague that it is meaningless to ask whether they are accurate. 
A)  are often inaccurate. 
B)  accurately describe events that people did not even notice when they happened. 
C)  faithfully reproduce events going back to less than age 1 year. 
D)  are so vague that it is meaningless to ask whether they are accurate.

Question 12

Which is the best advice for someone with periodic limb movement disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use heavy-duty duct tape to tape your legs together before going to sleep. 
B)  Sleep standing up. 
C)  Jog one hour or more shortly before going to bed. 
D)  Avoid caffeine, stress, or fatigue. 
A)  Use heavy-duty duct tape to tape your legs together before going to sleep. 
B)  Sleep standing up. 
C)  Jog one hour or more shortly before going to bed. 
D)  Avoid caffeine, stress, or fatigue.

Question 13

In nearly all cases of REM sleep,

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate is at its minimum. 
B)  breathing rate is at its minimum. 
C)  brain activity is at its minimum. 
D)  the postural muscles are completely relaxed. 
A)  heart rate is at its minimum. 
B)  breathing rate is at its minimum. 
C)  brain activity is at its minimum. 
D)  the postural muscles are completely relaxed.

Question 14

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person reports dreams, but there are no rapid eye movements. 
B)  The EEG pattern suggests a dream, but the person denies dreaming. 
C)  The brain is active, but the muscles are relaxed. 
D)  The brain is inactive, but the muscles are tense. 
A)  The person reports dreams, but there are no rapid eye movements. 
B)  The EEG pattern suggests a dream, but the person denies dreaming. 
C)  The brain is active, but the muscles are relaxed. 
D)  The brain is inactive, but the muscles are tense.

Question 15

The high-school student who stayed awake for several days

Accepted Answer

A)  was near death by the time he slept. 
B)  slept for many days when he finally went to sleep. 
C)  never fully recover until he had several nights of normal sleep. 
D)  slept longer than usual when he did go to sleep, but was refreshed upon awakening. 
A)  was near death by the time he slept. 
B)  slept for many days when he finally went to sleep. 
C)  never fully recover until he had several nights of normal sleep. 
D)  slept longer than usual when he did go to sleep, but was refreshed upon awakening.

Question 16

Greg has been deprived of REM sleep for the last several days. Tonight he will be permitted to sleep without interruptions. What will probably be true of his sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will have less REM sleep than usual. 
B)  He will have about the same amount of REM sleep as usual. 
C)  He will have REM periods but without any dreams. 
D)  He will spend more time in REM sleep than usual. 
A)  He will have less REM sleep than usual. 
B)  He will have about the same amount of REM sleep as usual. 
C)  He will have REM periods but without any dreams. 
D)  He will spend more time in REM sleep than usual.

Question 17

When memory tests are given to people of various ages at different times of the day, researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

A)  young adults do as well as older adults in the morning. 
B)  young adults do considerably worse than older adults late in the day. 
C)  young adults and older adults do equally well late in the day. 
D)  older adults do considerably better than young adults in the morning. 
A)  young adults do as well as older adults in the morning. 
B)  young adults do considerably worse than older adults late in the day. 
C)  young adults and older adults do equally well late in the day. 
D)  older adults do considerably better than young adults in the morning.

Question 18

According to the research, which of the following uses of hypnosis is most likely to be successful?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing response to pain during surgery without anesthesia 
B)  improving people's memories for events of early childhood 
C)  improving people's memories for emotionally painful experiences 
D)  enabling people to perform acts requiring unusual strength 
A)  decreasing response to pain during surgery without anesthesia 
B)  improving people's memories for events of early childhood 
C)  improving people's memories for emotionally painful experiences 
D)  enabling people to perform acts requiring unusual strength

Question 19

Circadian rhythms are controlled by __________, so people's sleep-wake cycles are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental factors...identical 
B)  environmental factors...different 
C)  genes...identical 
D)  genes...different 
A)  environmental factors...identical 
B)  environmental factors...different 
C)  genes...identical 
D)  genes...different

Question 20

Freud believed that dreams had two levels of meaning, the __________ content, which is the content that appears on the surface, and the __________ content, which is hidden and only represented symbolically.

Accepted Answer

A)  manifest...latent 
B)  latent...manifest 
C)  psychodynamic...psychoanalytic 
D)  psychoanalytic...psychodynamic 
A)  manifest...latent 
B)  latent...manifest 
C)  psychodynamic...psychoanalytic 
D)  psychoanalytic...psychodynamic

Exam 10: Consciousness

The individuals with the greatest total amount of sleep are __________; the individuals with the greatest amount of REM sleep are __________.

During REM sleep,

What happens to body temperature and logical reasoning over the course of an experiment in which volunteers go without sleep for 3 days?

An EEG record dominated by long, slow waves indicates that

An examination of electroencephalograph (EEG) waves as related to sleep and being awake suggest that the EEG waves:

Hypnotized subjects who are told not to see certain lines claim that they do not see them. How do we know that they do see them?

Sigmund Freud would agree with the title of which of these Disney songs?

Measurements of brain activity during a binocular rivalry task involving the flashing of two stimuli at different rates showed

What happens when hypnotized people are asked to recall the events of early childhood?

What does the EEG record for stage 4 sleep look like (compared to other stages of sleep)?

Childhood memories recalled under hypnosis

Which is the best advice for someone with periodic limb movement disorder?

In nearly all cases of REM sleep,

What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?

The high-school student who stayed awake for several days

Greg has been deprived of REM sleep for the last several days. Tonight he will be permitted to sleep without interruptions. What will probably be true of his sleep?

When memory tests are given to people of various ages at different times of the day, researchers have found that

According to the research, which of the following uses of hypnosis is most likely to be successful?

Circadian rhythms are controlled by __________, so people's sleep-wake cycles are __________.

Freud believed that dreams had two levels of meaning, the __________ content, which is the content that appears on the surface, and the __________ content, which is hidden and only represented symbolically.

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

The individuals with the greatest total amount of sleep are ; the individuals with the greatest amount of REM sleep are .

Circadian rhythms are controlled by , so people's sleep-wake cycles are .

Freud believed that dreams had two levels of meaning, the content, which is the content that appears on the surface, and the content, which is hidden and only represented symbolically.