Question 1

Acute glomerulonephritis can be a sequela of infection by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori.

Question 2

Stevens-Johnson syndrome,in which the top layer of the skin dies and sheds,is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori.

Question 3

The ability of an organism to cause disease is known as its:

Accepted Answer

A)  virulence. 
B)  infectivity. 
C)  resistance. 
D)  pathogenicity. 
A)  virulence. 
B)  infectivity. 
C)  resistance. 
D)  pathogenicity.

Question 4

Which test is inappropriate for identifying Helicobacter pylori?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polymerase chain reaction 
B)  Urease 
C)  Enzyme immunoassay 
D)  DNase 
A)  Polymerase chain reaction 
B)  Urease 
C)  Enzyme immunoassay 
D)  DNase

Question 5

Which microorganism is capable of causing life-threatening situations in which superantigens activate abnormally large numbers of T cells to release massive amounts of cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii 
D)  Helicobacter pylori

Question 6

The M protein of group A streptococci inhibits:

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody binding. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  T-cell apoptosis. 
D)  lymphocyte proliferation. 
A)  antibody binding. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  T-cell apoptosis. 
D)  lymphocyte proliferation.

Question 7

The genetic determinants for the structural features of bacteria are encoded in:

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  chromosomal DNA. 
A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  chromosomal DNA.

Question 8

Genetic coding for virulence factors can be transferred among various bacteria by:

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  chromosomal DNA. 
A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  chromosomal DNA.

Question 9

Antibodies detected by reacting patient serum with rickettsial antigens,followed by incubation with an anti-immunoglobulin with a fluorescent tag,could be used to diagnose:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumonia. 
C)  stomach ulcers. 
D)  rheumatic fever. 
A)  Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumonia. 
C)  stomach ulcers. 
D)  rheumatic fever.

Question 10

A noninvasive breath test can be used to diagnose:

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes how lateral flow assays demonstrate the presence of bacterial,fungal,and viral antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the assay, bacterial antigens present in a specimen are pretreated by coating them with colloidal gold prior to binding to an antibody. 
B)  A positive test results from the binding of the conjugated antibody and antigen to a fixed antibody directed against the antigen in the capture zone. 
C)  A positive test results from the precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex in the capture zone. 
D)  Migration of labeled antigen to the capture zone produces a positive result. 
A)  During the assay, bacterial antigens present in a specimen are pretreated by coating them with colloidal gold prior to binding to an antibody. 
B)  A positive test results from the binding of the conjugated antibody and antigen to a fixed antibody directed against the antigen in the capture zone. 
C)  A positive test results from the precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex in the capture zone. 
D)  Migration of labeled antigen to the capture zone produces a positive result.

Question 12

Which of the following bacterial enzymes causes the release of lysosomal contents into the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cell,leading to the death of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein H 
B)  Leukocidin 
C)  M protein 
D)  IgA protease 
A)  Protein H 
B)  Leukocidin 
C)  M protein 
D)  IgA protease

Question 13

In general,antigen detection assays in bacterial diagnosis have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  High associated cost 
B)  Rapid turnaround time 
C)  Complicated methods 
D)  Low specificity 
A)  High associated cost 
B)  Rapid turnaround time 
C)  Complicated methods 
D)  Low specificity

Question 14

The advantage of molecular assays in bacterial diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  many methods approved by the Food and Drug Administration are available. 
B)  the instrumentation is not expensive. 
C)  the reagents and disposables are not expensive. 
D)  the methods are very sensitive. 
A)  many methods approved by the Food and Drug Administration are available. 
B)  the instrumentation is not expensive. 
C)  the reagents and disposables are not expensive. 
D)  the methods are very sensitive.

Question 15

Which bacterial infections are routinely diagnosed by measuring host antibodies that neutralize the microbe's exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
A)  Streptococcus pyogenes 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Rickettsia rickettsii 
D)  Helicobacter pylori

Question 16

A symbiotic relationship in which both the microorganism and the host benefit is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  commensal. 
B)  mutualistic. 
C)  parasitic. 
D)  virulent. 
A)  commensal. 
B)  mutualistic. 
C)  parasitic. 
D)  virulent.

Question 17

The current standard method for diagnosing Rocky Mountain spotted fever is often unhelpful to the patient because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it lacks sensitivity. 
B)  the diagnosis is obtained after the period in which treatment must begin. 
C)  the sampling procedure is very invasive. 
D)  it lacks specificity. 
A)  it lacks sensitivity. 
B)  the diagnosis is obtained after the period in which treatment must begin. 
C)  the sampling procedure is very invasive. 
D)  it lacks specificity.

Question 18

The pathogenesis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic release of cytokines, leading to toxic shock. 
B)  endothelial cell damage, leading to increased vascular permeability. 
C)  release of potent exotoxins that destroy vascular endothelium. 
D)  invasion of the organism into the cardiac muscle. 
A)  systemic release of cytokines, leading to toxic shock. 
B)  endothelial cell damage, leading to increased vascular permeability. 
C)  release of potent exotoxins that destroy vascular endothelium. 
D)  invasion of the organism into the cardiac muscle.

Question 19

Which of the following is the first reaction in a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen reacts with a labeled antibody. 
B)  Antigen is captured by antibody immobilized at a specific location on a membrane. 
C)  Labeled antibody is captured by membrane-immobilized antibody. 
D)  Antibody reacts with a labeled antigen. 
A)  Antigen reacts with a labeled antibody. 
B)  Antigen is captured by antibody immobilized at a specific location on a membrane. 
C)  Labeled antibody is captured by membrane-immobilized antibody. 
D)  Antibody reacts with a labeled antigen.

Question 20

Which of the following is an endotoxin,not an exotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptolysin O 
B)  Lipid A 
C)  Streptokinase 
D)  Hyaluronidase 
A)  Streptolysin O 
B)  Lipid A 
C)  Streptokinase 
D)  Hyaluronidase

Exam 20: Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Acute glomerulonephritis can be a sequela of infection by:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome,in which the top layer of the skin dies and sheds,is caused by:

The ability of an organism to cause disease is known as its:

Which test is inappropriate for identifying Helicobacter pylori?

Which microorganism is capable of causing life-threatening situations in which superantigens activate abnormally large numbers of T cells to release massive amounts of cytokines?

The M protein of group A streptococci inhibits:

The genetic determinants for the structural features of bacteria are encoded in:

Genetic coding for virulence factors can be transferred among various bacteria by:

Antibodies detected by reacting patient serum with rickettsial antigens,followed by incubation with an anti-immunoglobulin with a fluorescent tag,could be used to diagnose:

A noninvasive breath test can be used to diagnose:

Which of the following statements best describes how lateral flow assays demonstrate the presence of bacterial,fungal,and viral antigens?

Which of the following bacterial enzymes causes the release of lysosomal contents into the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cell,leading to the death of the cell?

In general,antigen detection assays in bacterial diagnosis have which of the following characteristics?

The advantage of molecular assays in bacterial diagnosis is:

Which bacterial infections are routinely diagnosed by measuring host antibodies that neutralize the microbe's exotoxins?

A symbiotic relationship in which both the microorganism and the host benefit is called:

The current standard method for diagnosing Rocky Mountain spotted fever is often unhelpful to the patient because:

The pathogenesis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever involves:

Which of the following is the first reaction in a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay?

Which of the following is an endotoxin,not an exotoxin?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

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