Question 1

A perceptual expectancy is

Accepted Answer

A) a readiness to perceive in a particular manner. 
B) the organization of perceptions by beginning with low-level features. 
C) an ingrained pattern of perceptual organization and attention. 
D) the information surrounding a stimulus that gives meaning to the stimulus. 
A) a readiness to perceive in a particular manner. 
B) the organization of perceptions by beginning with low-level features. 
C) an ingrained pattern of perceptual organization and attention. 
D) the information surrounding a stimulus that gives meaning to the stimulus.

Question 2

Maria tries to listen to others with full concentration,making eye contact and watching their facial expressions.She is enhancing her perceptual accuracy by

Accepted Answer

A) paying attention. 
B) forming perceptual sets. 
C) exhibiting habituation. 
D) allowing her emotions to influence her perceptions. 
A) paying attention. 
B) forming perceptual sets. 
C) exhibiting habituation. 
D) allowing her emotions to influence her perceptions.

Question 3

Regarding cultural differences in perception,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Japanese participants were better at detecting alterations to the background than detecting changes in the figure of a scene. 
B) European Americans tend to be collectivist and focus on interpersonal relationships and social responsibility. 
C) East Asians tend to be individualistic and tend to focus on self and their sense of personal control. 
D) European Americans tend to explain a person's actions in terms of the social context. 
A) Japanese participants were better at detecting alterations to the background than detecting changes in the figure of a scene. 
B) European Americans tend to be collectivist and focus on interpersonal relationships and social responsibility. 
C) East Asians tend to be individualistic and tend to focus on self and their sense of personal control. 
D) European Americans tend to explain a person's actions in terms of the social context.

Question 4

Changes in the brain that alter how we process sensory information so that we can focus on just one part of a group of stimuli rather than processing all of the stimuli is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in the brain that alter how...

Question 5

The text suggests that enhanced perceptual accuracy would be achieved through

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) the construction of perceptual sets. 
C) being aware of motives and expectations that can influence your perceptions. 
D) engaging in more routine top-down processing. 
A) habituation. 
B) the construction of perceptual sets. 
C) being aware of motives and expectations that can influence your perceptions. 
D) engaging in more routine top-down processing.

Question 6

If two objects make images of the same size,the more distant object must be larger.This is known formally as the
__________.

Accepted Answer

size-dista

Question 7

Taking a fresh look and paying attention to sensations we have previously ignored is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taking a fresh look and paying attention...

Question 8

The text suggests that enhanced perceptual accuracy is LESS likely if we

Accepted Answer

A) rely only on our motivations and expectations. 
B) voluntarily direct attention toward sensations that are normally tuned out. 
C) engage in reality testing. 
D) interrupt habituation and break perceptual sets. 
A) rely only on our motivations and expectations. 
B) voluntarily direct attention toward sensations that are normally tuned out. 
C) engage in reality testing. 
D) interrupt habituation and break perceptual sets.

Question 9

The underlying mechanism for perceptual expectancies is

Accepted Answer

A) a misleading perception that distorts or misjudges a stimulus. 
B) top-down processing. 
C) the organization of perception by beginning with low-level features. 
D) bottom-up processing. 
A) a misleading perception that distorts or misjudges a stimulus. 
B) top-down processing. 
C) the organization of perception by beginning with low-level features. 
D) bottom-up processing.

Question 10

Regarding how they perceive the world,European Americans tend to

Accepted Answer

A) be individualistic. 
B) be collectivist. 
C) explain actions in terms of social context. 
D) have a broader focus of attention. 
A) be individualistic. 
B) be collectivist. 
C) explain actions in terms of social context. 
D) have a broader focus of attention.

Question 11

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Judgments of color made under monochromatic light are highly unreliable. 
B) The less time an eyewitness has to observe an event,the less well she or he will perceive and remember it. 
C) The confidence of an eyewitness in their testimony is a good predictor of his or her accuracy. 
D) Alcohol intoxication impairs later ability to recall events. 
A) Judgments of color made under monochromatic light are highly unreliable. 
B) The less time an eyewitness has to observe an event,the less well she or he will perceive and remember it. 
C) The confidence of an eyewitness in their testimony is a good predictor of his or her accuracy. 
D) Alcohol intoxication impairs later ability to recall events.

Question 12

In one study,participants said that a $90 wine tasted better than a $10 wine,although the participants had really tasted the same wine.Interestingly,the participants' functional MRI images showed that the pleasure areas of their brains were more active when they were told they were drinking the "$90 wine." The results of this experiment illustrate that

Accepted Answer

A) suggesting the wine was expensive created a perceptual expectancy that it would taste better. 
B) few people are supertasters that have the ability to discern the difference in wines. 
C) few people are trained to do adequate reality testing. 
D) suggesting the wine was expensive created inattentional blindness,blocking the actual taste sensation of the wine and creating a delusion. 
A) suggesting the wine was expensive created a perceptual expectancy that it would taste better. 
B) few people are supertasters that have the ability to discern the difference in wines. 
C) few people are trained to do adequate reality testing. 
D) suggesting the wine was expensive created inattentional blindness,blocking the actual taste sensation of the wine and creating a delusion.

Question 13

In tests of facial recognition,people

Accepted Answer

A) are much better at recognizing faces of other races than their own race. 
B) show a consistent other-race effect. 
C) are able to recognize the faces of people from other races better if they are in a negative mood. 
D) exhibit all of these. 
A) are much better at recognizing faces of other races than their own race. 
B) show a consistent other-race effect. 
C) are able to recognize the faces of people from other races better if they are in a negative mood. 
D) exhibit all of these.

Question 14

A perceptual hypothesis that we are likely to apply to a stimulus,even if applying it is inappropriate is called

Accepted Answer

A) dishabituation. 
B) a perceptual expectancy. 
C) reality testing. 
D) extrasensory perception. 
A) dishabituation. 
B) a perceptual expectancy. 
C) reality testing. 
D) extrasensory perception.

Question 15

Students have found that if their psychology teacher repeats a term "three times," this term will definitely be on the test.Paying attention to specific stimuli illustrates the students'

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual learning. 
B) convergence. 
C) auditory accommodation. 
D) ability to use reality testing. 
A) perceptual learning. 
B) convergence. 
C) auditory accommodation. 
D) ability to use reality testing.

Question 16

If you are led to perceive in a certain way due to past experience,motives,context,or suggestion,then you are experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual set 
B) cognitive threshold 
C) perceptual orientation 
D) sensory bias 
A) perceptual set 
B) cognitive threshold 
C) perceptual orientation 
D) sensory bias

Question 17

The problem with giving so much weight to eyewitness testimony in court is that

Accepted Answer

A) judges are reluctant to use it. 
B) juries rarely believe the eyewitness. 
C) reconstructions of events are deliberately altered. 
D) it is frequently wrong. 
A) judges are reluctant to use it. 
B) juries rarely believe the eyewitness. 
C) reconstructions of events are deliberately altered. 
D) it is frequently wrong.

Question 18

Abraham Maslow believed that people who are unusually accurate in their perceptions have which of the following qualities?

Accepted Answer

A) a surrender to perceptual habits 
B) a reliance on evaluation and criticism 
C) immersion in past experiences 
D) a lack of self-consciousness 
A) a surrender to perceptual habits 
B) a reliance on evaluation and criticism 
C) immersion in past experiences 
D) a lack of self-consciousness

Question 19

When Kierra is having a dispute with her friends or family members,she tries to take the other person's perspective and ask herself,"How does this look to her or him?" By doing this,Kierra is trying to

Accepted Answer

A) increase her awareness of how motives and emotions influence her perceptions. 
B) enhance her perceptual accuracy through the use of habituation. 
C) enhance her perceptual accuracy through the creation of perceptual sets. 
D) interrupt her tendency to engage in unconscious transference. 
A) increase her awareness of how motives and emotions influence her perceptions. 
B) enhance her perceptual accuracy through the use of habituation. 
C) enhance her perceptual accuracy through the creation of perceptual sets. 
D) interrupt her tendency to engage in unconscious transference.

Question 20

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson,the scope of one's attention is actually broadened by

Accepted Answer

A) positive emotions. 
B) negative emotions. 
C) habituation. 
D) perceptual sets. 
A) positive emotions. 
B) negative emotions. 
C) habituation. 
D) perceptual sets.

Exam 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

A perceptual expectancy is

Maria tries to listen to others with full concentration,making eye contact and watching their facial expressions.She is enhancing her perceptual accuracy by

Regarding cultural differences in perception,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Changes in the brain that alter how we process sensory information so that we can focus on just one part of a group of stimuli rather than processing all of the stimuli is called _______.

The text suggests that enhanced perceptual accuracy would be achieved through

If two objects make images of the same size,the more distant object must be larger.This is known formally as the __________.

Taking a fresh look and paying attention to sensations we have previously ignored is known as _______.

The text suggests that enhanced perceptual accuracy is LESS likely if we

The underlying mechanism for perceptual expectancies is

Regarding how they perceive the world,European Americans tend to

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In tests of facial recognition,people

A perceptual hypothesis that we are likely to apply to a stimulus,even if applying it is inappropriate is called

Students have found that if their psychology teacher repeats a term "three times," this term will definitely be on the test.Paying attention to specific stimuli illustrates the students'

If you are led to perceive in a certain way due to past experience,motives,context,or suggestion,then you are experiencing which of the following?

The problem with giving so much weight to eyewitness testimony in court is that

Abraham Maslow believed that people who are unusually accurate in their perceptions have which of the following qualities?

When Kierra is having a dispute with her friends or family members,she tries to take the other person's perspective and ask herself,"How does this look to her or him?" By doing this,Kierra is trying to

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson,the scope of one's attention is actually broadened by

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia