Question 1

Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviors 
B)  taste aversions 
C)  cognitive maps 
D)  mirror neurons 
A)  prosocial behaviors 
B)  taste aversions 
C)  cognitive maps 
D)  mirror neurons

Question 2

Without any explicit training from adults,many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation. 
A)  observational learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation.

Question 3

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned response. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  vicarious reinforcement. 
D)  overimitation. 
A)  a conditioned response. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  vicarious reinforcement. 
D)  overimitation.

Question 4

Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

Accepted Answer

A)  taste 
B)  smell 
C)  sight 
D)  sound 
A)  taste 
B)  smell 
C)  sight 
D)  sound

Question 5

A biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival value is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  a cognitive map. 
D)  latent learning. 
A)  instinctive drift. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  a cognitive map. 
D)  latent learning.

Question 6

If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze,they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end.Their good performance demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behavior. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  intrinsic motivation. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  prosocial behavior. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  intrinsic motivation. 
D)  modeling.

Question 7

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe adjacent to the motor cortex. 
B)  temporal lobe adjacent to the auditory cortex. 
C)  parietal lobe adjacent to the sensory cortex. 
D)  occipital lobe adjacent to the visual cortex. 
A)  frontal lobe adjacent to the motor cortex. 
B)  temporal lobe adjacent to the auditory cortex. 
C)  parietal lobe adjacent to the sensory cortex. 
D)  occipital lobe adjacent to the visual cortex.

Question 8

Research participants formed more gut-level liking for Pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  intrinsic motivation. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  intrinsic motivation.

Question 9

Children of violent parents can often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation.

Question 10

Which of the following has helped prevent coyotes and wolves from attacking sheep?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  conditioned taste aversion 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  latent learning 
A)  observational learning 
B)  conditioned taste aversion 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  latent learning

Question 11

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;less 
D)  less;more 
A)  more;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;less 
D)  less;more

Question 12

Classical conditioning occurs most rapidly when the learner perceives the ________ to cause the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  US;UR 
B)  CS;CR 
C)  UR;CR 
D)  CS;US 
A)  US;UR 
B)  CS;CR 
C)  UR;CR 
D)  CS;US

Question 13

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward,the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  instinctive drift. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  instinctive drift.

Question 14

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  immediate reinforcement. 
D)  cognitive maps. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  immediate reinforcement. 
D)  cognitive maps.

Question 15

A CS for sexual arousal is relevant if it is similar to stimuli associated with sexual activity in an organism's

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive map. 
B)  natural environment. 
C)  fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. 
D)  mirror neurons. 
A)  cognitive map. 
B)  natural environment. 
C)  fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. 
D)  mirror neurons.

Question 16

Explain how biological constraints affect operant and classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how biological constraints affect operant and...

Question 17

After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug,people with alcohol use disorder may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug.This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological predispositions 
B)  extrinsic motivation 
C)  cognitive processes 
D)  instinctive drift 
A)  biological predispositions 
B)  extrinsic motivation 
C)  cognitive processes 
D)  instinctive drift

Question 18

Different groups of vervet monkeys learned to prefer either blue or pink corn.All but one of their 27 infant monkeys subsequently came to prefer the same color corn preferred by the adult monkeys in their group.This subsequent outcome best illustrated

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  extrinsic motivation.

Question 19

By 8 to 16 months,infants imitate various novel gestures they see others perform.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  a fixed-interval schedule.

Question 20

The rapid transmission of fads and fashions best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  observational learning.

Exam 22: Operant Conditioning

Which of the following are most clearly activated both by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

Without any explicit training from adults,many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars.This best illustrates the importance of

Five-year-olds copy senseless and irrelevant adult actions such as stroking a plastic jar with a feather before reaching inside the jar for a toy.This best illustrates

Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

A biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival value is referred to as

If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze,they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end.Their good performance demonstrates

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Research participants formed more gut-level liking for Pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images.This best illustrates the impact of

Children of violent parents can often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.This best illustrates the impact of

Which of the following has helped prevent coyotes and wolves from attacking sheep?

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Classical conditioning occurs most rapidly when the learner perceives the ________ to cause the ________.

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward,the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle.This best illustrates

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

A CS for sexual arousal is relevant if it is similar to stimuli associated with sexual activity in an organism's

Explain how biological constraints affect operant and classical conditioning.

After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug,people with alcohol use disorder may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug.This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Different groups of vervet monkeys learned to prefer either blue or pink corn.All but one of their 27 infant monkeys subsequently came to prefer the same color corn preferred by the adult monkeys in their group.This subsequent outcome best illustrated

By 8 to 16 months,infants imitate various novel gestures they see others perform.This best illustrates

The rapid transmission of fads and fashions best illustrates the impact of

The History and Scope of Psychology

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

Filters

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Classical conditioning occurs most rapidly when the learner perceives the to cause the .