Question 1

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C4 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

Accepted Answer

A) cervical 
B) brachial 
C) lumbar 
D) sacral 
E) thoracic 
A) cervical 
B) brachial 
C) lumbar 
D) sacral 
E) thoracic

Question 2

Figure 12-2
-Identify the structure labeled "6."

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic nerve 
B) sympathetic ganglion 
C) posterior root ganglion 
D) rami communicantes 
E) ventral root 
A) autonomic nerve 
B) sympathetic ganglion 
C) posterior root ganglion 
D) rami communicantes 
E) ventral root

Question 3

A disease that damages myelin sheaths would affect which portion of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A) anterior gray horns 
B) posterior gray horns 
C) lateral gray horns 
D) white matter columns 
E) gray commissures 
A) anterior gray horns 
B) posterior gray horns 
C) lateral gray horns 
D) white matter columns 
E) gray commissures

Question 4

Suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen.The sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a ________ ramus.

Accepted Answer

A) white ramus communicans 
B) gray ramus communicans 
C) posterior 
D) anterior 
E) rami communicantes 
A) white ramus communicans 
B) gray ramus communicans 
C) posterior 
D) anterior 
E) rami communicantes

Question 5

What are common characteristics of reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A) All reflexes involve contraction of skeletal muscle to pull away from a stimulus to minimize damage. 
B) All reflexes involve processing in the spinal cord. 
C) All reflexes involve processing in the brain. 
D) All reflexes involve only one synapse so they are rapid responses to stimuli. 
E) All reflexes are rapid,unconscious patterned responses to stimuli that restore or maintain homeostasis. 
A) All reflexes involve contraction of skeletal muscle to pull away from a stimulus to minimize damage. 
B) All reflexes involve processing in the spinal cord. 
C) All reflexes involve processing in the brain. 
D) All reflexes involve only one synapse so they are rapid responses to stimuli. 
E) All reflexes are rapid,unconscious patterned responses to stimuli that restore or maintain homeostasis.

Question 6

A viral disease that destroys the neuronal cell bodies of the anterior gray horn will

Accepted Answer

A) lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. 
B) interfere with position sense. 
C) mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense. 
D) block autonomic regulation. 
E) interfere with communication from one side of the spinal cord to the other. 
A) lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. 
B) interfere with position sense. 
C) mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense. 
D) block autonomic regulation. 
E) interfere with communication from one side of the spinal cord to the other.

Question 7

Figure 12-1
-Identify the structure labeled "10."

Accepted Answer

A) anterior white commissure 
B) anterior median fissure 
C) anterior white column 
D) anterior gray commissure 
E) anterior white horn 
A) anterior white commissure 
B) anterior median fissure 
C) anterior white column 
D) anterior gray commissure 
E) anterior white horn

Question 8

Describe the white and gray rami communicantes.

Accepted Answer

The gray ramus communicans is a bundle o

Question 9

After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate,but the spinal cord itself does not.

Accepted Answer

A) 8 
B) 12 
C) 18 
D) 4 
E) 20 
A) 8 
B) 12 
C) 18 
D) 4 
E) 20

Question 10

The preganglionic fibers that carry visceral motor fibers and connect a spinal nerve with an sympathetic ganglion form the

Accepted Answer

A) white rami communicans. 
B) gray rami communicans. 
C) posterior ramus. 
D) anterior ramus. 
E) dermatomes. 
A) white rami communicans. 
B) gray rami communicans. 
C) posterior ramus. 
D) anterior ramus. 
E) dermatomes.

Question 11

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly

Accepted Answer

A) unmyelinated axons. 
B) neuroglia. 
C) Schwann cells. 
D) myelinated axons. 
E) nodes of Ranvier. 
A) unmyelinated axons. 
B) neuroglia. 
C) Schwann cells. 
D) myelinated axons. 
E) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 12

Compared to the vertebral column,the spinal cord is

Accepted Answer

A) longer. 
B) shorter. 
C) the same length. 
A) longer. 
B) shorter. 
C) the same length.

Question 13

In the spinal cord,white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as

Accepted Answer

A) nuclei. 
B) ganglia. 
C) columns. 
D) nerves. 
E) horns. 
A) nuclei. 
B) ganglia. 
C) columns. 
D) nerves. 
E) horns.

Question 14

Reflexes,controlled by the spinal cord,act by

Accepted Answer

A) sensory output over cranial nerves to effectors. 
B) motor input to reflex centers in the spinal cord. 
C) sensory input to reflex centers in the brain. 
D) motor output over spinal nerves to effectors. 
E) sensory input over cranial nerves to the spinal cord. 
A) sensory output over cranial nerves to effectors. 
B) motor input to reflex centers in the spinal cord. 
C) sensory input to reflex centers in the brain. 
D) motor output over spinal nerves to effectors. 
E) sensory input over cranial nerves to the spinal cord.

Question 15

Where is spinal CSF located?

Accepted Answer

A) subarachnoid space 
B) epidural space 
C) subdural space 
D) intervertebral foramina 
E) between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae 
A) subarachnoid space 
B) epidural space 
C) subdural space 
D) intervertebral foramina 
E) between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae

Question 16

Sometimes,when it is difficult to initiate a knee-jerk reflex by tapping the patellar tendon,a patient will be asked to voluntarily make a fist.Then the reflex will be easily evoked.What does this illustrate about the relation between voluntary and involuntary reflex movement?

Accepted Answer

Descending motor tracts that excite the

Question 17

Figure 12-1
-What is the function of the structure labeled "15"?

Accepted Answer

A) control of skeletal muscle 
B) somatic sensory processing 
C) control of autonomic effectors 
D) somatic motor control 
E) visceral sensory processing 
A) control of skeletal muscle 
B) somatic sensory processing 
C) control of autonomic effectors 
D) somatic motor control 
E) visceral sensory processing

Question 18

Figure 12-2
-Identify the structure labeled "5."

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic nerve 
B) autonomic ganglion 
C) rami communicantes 
D) posterior root ganglion 
E) anterior root 
A) autonomic nerve 
B) autonomic ganglion 
C) rami communicantes 
D) posterior root ganglion 
E) anterior root

Question 19

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury.She has lost feeling in her lower body.Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord.Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

Accepted Answer

A) ascending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord. 
B) descending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord. 
C) ascending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord. 
D) descending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord. 
E) the anterior white commissures. 
A) ascending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord. 
B) descending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord. 
C) ascending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord. 
D) descending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord. 
E) the anterior white commissures.

Question 20

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back.Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room,where she is examined.Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex).These results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) Tina has injured one of her descending nerve tracts. 
B) Tina has injured one of her ascending nerve tracts. 
C) Tina has a spinal injury in the lumbar region. 
D) Tina has a spinal injury in the cervical region. 
E) Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord. 
A) Tina has injured one of her descending nerve tracts. 
B) Tina has injured one of her ascending nerve tracts. 
C) Tina has a spinal injury in the lumbar region. 
D) Tina has a spinal injury in the cervical region. 
E) Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.

Exam 12: The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C4 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

Figure 12-2 -Identify the structure labeled "6."

A disease that damages myelin sheaths would affect which portion of the spinal cord?

Suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen.The sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a ________ ramus.

What are common characteristics of reflexes?

A viral disease that destroys the neuronal cell bodies of the anterior gray horn will

Figure 12-1 -Identify the structure labeled "10."

Describe the white and gray rami communicantes.

After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate,but the spinal cord itself does not.

The preganglionic fibers that carry visceral motor fibers and connect a spinal nerve with an sympathetic ganglion form the

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly

Compared to the vertebral column,the spinal cord is

In the spinal cord,white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as

Reflexes,controlled by the spinal cord,act by

Where is spinal CSF located?

Sometimes,when it is difficult to initiate a knee-jerk reflex by tapping the patellar tendon,a patient will be asked to voluntarily make a fist.Then the reflex will be easily evoked.What does this illustrate about the relation between voluntary and involuntary reflex movement?

Figure 12-1 -What is the function of the structure labeled "15"?

Figure 12-2 -Identify the structure labeled "5."

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury.She has lost feeling in her lower body.Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord.Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back.Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room,where she is examined.Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex).These results suggest that

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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