Question 1

Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) normal in newborns 
B) abnormal in adults 
C) a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts 
D) causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze 
E) causes flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked 
A) normal in newborns 
B) abnormal in adults 
C) a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts 
D) causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze 
E) causes flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked

Question 2

Which nerve divides into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?

Accepted Answer

A) femoral 
B) obturator 
C) pudendal 
D) sciatic 
E) saphenous 
A) femoral 
B) obturator 
C) pudendal 
D) sciatic 
E) saphenous

Question 3

Describe the brachial plexus.

Accepted Answer

A) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments C5-T1. 
B) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments C1-C7. 
C) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments T1-T12. 
D) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments L1-L5. 
E) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments S5-Co1. 
A) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments C5-T1. 
B) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments C1-C7. 
C) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments T1-T12. 
D) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments L1-L5. 
E) The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by branches of spinal nerve segments S5-Co1.

Question 4

The stretch reflex

Accepted Answer

A) is an example of a polysynaptic reflex. 
B) is important in regulating muscle length. 
C) involves a receptor called the Golgi tendon organ. 
D) is activated when a smooth muscle lengthens. 
E) is voluntary. 
A) is an example of a polysynaptic reflex. 
B) is important in regulating muscle length. 
C) involves a receptor called the Golgi tendon organ. 
D) is activated when a smooth muscle lengthens. 
E) is voluntary.

Question 5

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except the

Accepted Answer

A) radial. 
B) median. 
C) ulnar. 
D) musculocutaneous. 
E) phrenic. 
A) radial. 
B) median. 
C) ulnar. 
D) musculocutaneous. 
E) phrenic.

Question 6

In a(n)________ reflex,a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory 
B) motor 
C) polysynaptic 
D) monosynaptic 
E) integrative 
A) sensory 
B) motor 
C) polysynaptic 
D) monosynaptic 
E) integrative

Question 7

Describe the flexor reflex.

Accepted Answer

A) A stretch reflex is an example of a withdrawal reflex that contracts the flexor muscles of a limb in response to a painful stimulus. 
B) A stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex that activates extensor muscles in the opposite leg or arm when a flexor reflex is activated. 
C) A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that activates extensor muscles in the opposite leg or arm when a flexor reflex is activated. 
D) A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that provides regulation of skeletal muscle length. 
E) A stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex that provides regulation of skeletal muscle length. 
A) A stretch reflex is an example of a withdrawal reflex that contracts the flexor muscles of a limb in response to a painful stimulus. 
B) A stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex that activates extensor muscles in the opposite leg or arm when a flexor reflex is activated. 
C) A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that activates extensor muscles in the opposite leg or arm when a flexor reflex is activated. 
D) A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that provides regulation of skeletal muscle length. 
E) A stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex that provides regulation of skeletal muscle length.

Question 8

Figure 12-2
-In which structure are sensory cell bodies located?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 5 
D) 10 
E) 12 
A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 5 
D) 10 
E) 12

Question 9

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord are protected by the

Accepted Answer

A) spinal meninges. 
B) spinal nerve. 
C) white matter. 
D) spinal columns. 
E) gray matter. 
A) spinal meninges. 
B) spinal nerve. 
C) white matter. 
D) spinal columns. 
E) gray matter.

Question 10

Describe the direction of sensory input and motor commands relative to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) Both sensory input and motor commands travel toward the spinal cord. 
B) Both sensory input and motor commands travel away from the spinal cord. 
C) Sensory input travels toward the spinal cord and motor commands travel away from the spinal cord. 
D) Sensory input travels away from the spinal cord and motor commands travel toward the spinal cord. 
A) Both sensory input and motor commands travel toward the spinal cord. 
B) Both sensory input and motor commands travel away from the spinal cord. 
C) Sensory input travels toward the spinal cord and motor commands travel away from the spinal cord. 
D) Sensory input travels away from the spinal cord and motor commands travel toward the spinal cord.

Question 11

While playing football,Ramón is tackled hard and,as he tries to get up,he finds that he has difficulty flexing and adducting his left thigh and extending his left leg.Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged,and how would the damage affect sensory perception in Ramón's left leg?

Accepted Answer

Ramón has a damaged left femoral nerve.T

Question 12

Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called

Accepted Answer

A) ipsilateral. 
B) bilateral. 
C) contralateral. 
D) collateral. 
E) antilateral. 
A) ipsilateral. 
B) bilateral. 
C) contralateral. 
D) collateral. 
E) antilateral.

Question 13

The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament.

Accepted Answer

A) conus medullaris 
B) filum terminale 
C) cauda equina 
D) dorsal root 
E) ventral root 
A) conus medullaris 
B) filum terminale 
C) cauda equina 
D) dorsal root 
E) ventral root

Question 14

Define reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement is an enhancement of a spinal reflex through the facilitation of motor neurons involved in reflexes. 
B) Reinforcement is a reduction of a spinal reflex through the inhibition of motor neurons involved in reflexes. 
C) Reinforcement is the cooperation of many muscle groups to enable reflexes to occur without losing postural tone. 
D) Reinforcement is the repetition of a spinal reflex in order to condition the motor neurons to the reflex. 
E) Reinforcement involves processing events in the nuclei of the brain to enhance the reflex. 
A) Reinforcement is an enhancement of a spinal reflex through the facilitation of motor neurons involved in reflexes. 
B) Reinforcement is a reduction of a spinal reflex through the inhibition of motor neurons involved in reflexes. 
C) Reinforcement is the cooperation of many muscle groups to enable reflexes to occur without losing postural tone. 
D) Reinforcement is the repetition of a spinal reflex in order to condition the motor neurons to the reflex. 
E) Reinforcement involves processing events in the nuclei of the brain to enhance the reflex.

Question 15

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

Accepted Answer

A) nerve tracts. 
B) columns. 
C) meninges. 
D) neuron cell bodies. 
E) cerebrospinal fluid. 
A) nerve tracts. 
B) columns. 
C) meninges. 
D) neuron cell bodies. 
E) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 16

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

Accepted Answer

A) bundles of axons with common origins,destinations,and functions. 
B) bundles of dendrites with common origins,destinations,and functions. 
C) sensory and motor nuclei. 
D) both axons and dendrites. 
E) interneurons. 
A) bundles of axons with common origins,destinations,and functions. 
B) bundles of dendrites with common origins,destinations,and functions. 
C) sensory and motor nuclei. 
D) both axons and dendrites. 
E) interneurons.

Question 17

Identify the basic characteristics of polysynaptic reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A) All polysynaptic reflexes do not use interneurons,only involve one spinal segment,involve reciprocal inhibition,and have converging circuits. 
B) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,only involve one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and have diverging circuits. 
C) All polysynaptic reflexes do not use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and use serial processing. 
D) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and use parallel processing. 
E) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,involve reciprocal inhibition,and have reverberating circuits. 
A) All polysynaptic reflexes do not use interneurons,only involve one spinal segment,involve reciprocal inhibition,and have converging circuits. 
B) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,only involve one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and have diverging circuits. 
C) All polysynaptic reflexes do not use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and use serial processing. 
D) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,do not involve reciprocal inhibition,and use parallel processing. 
E) All polysynaptic reflexes use interneurons,involve more than one spinal segment,involve reciprocal inhibition,and have reverberating circuits.

Question 18

After injuring her back,22-year-old Tina exhibits a Babinski reflex.What does this imply about her injury?

Accepted Answer

A Babinski reflex is abnormal

Question 19

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

Accepted Answer

A) adductors of the hip. 
B) skin over the perineum. 
C) extensors of the hip. 
D) skin over buttocks. 
E) biceps femoris. 
A) adductors of the hip. 
B) skin over the perineum. 
C) extensors of the hip. 
D) skin over buttocks. 
E) biceps femoris.

Question 20

All of the following are true of muscle spindles except that they

Accepted Answer

A) are found within skeletal muscle. 
B) consist of specialized fibers called intrafusal fibers. 
C) are found in tendons. 
D) are the receptor for the stretch reflex. 
E) are innervated by gamma motor neurons. 
A) are found within skeletal muscle. 
B) consist of specialized fibers called intrafusal fibers. 
C) are found in tendons. 
D) are the receptor for the stretch reflex. 
E) are innervated by gamma motor neurons.

Exam 12: The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?

Which nerve divides into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?

Describe the brachial plexus.

The stretch reflex

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except the

In a(n)________ reflex,a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron.

Describe the flexor reflex.

Figure 12-2 -In which structure are sensory cell bodies located?

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord are protected by the

Describe the direction of sensory input and motor commands relative to the spinal cord.

While playing football,Ramón is tackled hard and,as he tries to get up,he finds that he has difficulty flexing and adducting his left thigh and extending his left leg.Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged,and how would the damage affect sensory perception in Ramón's left leg?

Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called

The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament.

Define reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes.

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

Identify the basic characteristics of polysynaptic reflexes.

After injuring her back,22-year-old Tina exhibits a Babinski reflex.What does this imply about her injury?

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

All of the following are true of muscle spindles except that they

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