Question 1

All of the following terms refer to ways that reflexes can be classified except

Accepted Answer

A) intersegmental. 
B) polysynaptic. 
C) innate. 
D) voluntary. 
E) somatic. 
A) intersegmental. 
B) polysynaptic. 
C) innate. 
D) voluntary. 
E) somatic.

Question 2

The postganglionic fibers that connect an sympathetic ganglion and carry fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscle of the body wall or limbs are the

Accepted Answer

A) white rami communicans. 
B) gray rami communicans. 
C) posterior ramus. 
D) anterior ramus. 
E) dermatomes. 
A) white rami communicans. 
B) gray rami communicans. 
C) posterior ramus. 
D) anterior ramus. 
E) dermatomes.

Question 3

The complex,interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) dermatome. 
B) autonomic nerve. 
C) lateral nerve. 
D) tract. 
E) plexus. 
A) dermatome. 
B) autonomic nerve. 
C) lateral nerve. 
D) tract. 
E) plexus.

Question 4

Define spinal reflex.

Accepted Answer

A) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated response of the spinal cord following exposure to a single specific stimulus. 
B) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated response of the spinal cord following repeated exposure to specific stimuli. 
C) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated action involving input from the brain triggered by specific stimuli. 
D) A spinal reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus that is controlled in the spinal cord and can function without input from the brain. 
E) A spinal reflex is when sensory inputs are sent quickly by the spinal cord to the brain for analysis before any response occurs. 
A) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated response of the spinal cord following exposure to a single specific stimulus. 
B) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated response of the spinal cord following repeated exposure to specific stimuli. 
C) A spinal reflex is a slow,calculated action involving input from the brain triggered by specific stimuli. 
D) A spinal reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus that is controlled in the spinal cord and can function without input from the brain. 
E) A spinal reflex is when sensory inputs are sent quickly by the spinal cord to the brain for analysis before any response occurs.

Question 5

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

Accepted Answer

A) cranial meninges. 
B) cranial mater. 
C) spinal meninges. 
D) spinal mater. 
E) epidural membranes. 
A) cranial meninges. 
B) cranial mater. 
C) spinal meninges. 
D) spinal mater. 
E) epidural membranes.

Question 6

List the components of a reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory neuron,interneuron,motor neuron 
B) sensory neuron and motor neuron 
C) receptor,sensory neuron,motor neuron,effector,and sometimes interneurons may be involved 
D) receptor,motor neuron,effector,and sometimes interneurons may be involved 
E) receptor,interneuron,effector 
A) sensory neuron,interneuron,motor neuron 
B) sensory neuron and motor neuron 
C) receptor,sensory neuron,motor neuron,effector,and sometimes interneurons may be involved 
D) receptor,motor neuron,effector,and sometimes interneurons may be involved 
E) receptor,interneuron,effector

Question 7

Differentiate between divergent and convergent neural circuits.

Accepted Answer

A) In divergent circuits,information spreads from one neuron to several neurons.In convergent circuits,several neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron. 
B) In divergent circuits,several neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron.In convergent circuits,information spreads from one neuron to several neurons. 
C) In divergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through one hemisphere of the cerebrum.In convergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through both cerebral hemispheres. 
D) In divergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through both cerebral hemispheres.In convergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through one hemisphere of the cerebrum. 
E) In divergent circuits,branches of axons somewhere along on the circuit extend back toward the source and stimulate the presynaptic neuron similar to a positive feedback loop.In a convergent circuit,the original presynaptic neuron is not stimulated by axons further down the circuit. 
A) In divergent circuits,information spreads from one neuron to several neurons.In convergent circuits,several neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron. 
B) In divergent circuits,several neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron.In convergent circuits,information spreads from one neuron to several neurons. 
C) In divergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through one hemisphere of the cerebrum.In convergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through both cerebral hemispheres. 
D) In divergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through both cerebral hemispheres.In convergent circuits,information from one neuron is spread through one hemisphere of the cerebrum. 
E) In divergent circuits,branches of axons somewhere along on the circuit extend back toward the source and stimulate the presynaptic neuron similar to a positive feedback loop.In a convergent circuit,the original presynaptic neuron is not stimulated by axons further down the circuit.

Question 8

Damage to which nerve of the cervical plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe?

Accepted Answer

A) phrenic nerve 
B) supraclavicular nerve 
C) great auricular nerve 
D) transverse cervical 
E) ansa cervicalis 
A) phrenic nerve 
B) supraclavicular nerve 
C) great auricular nerve 
D) transverse cervical 
E) ansa cervicalis

Question 9

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) anterior gray horns. 
B) lateral gray horns. 
C) posterior gray horns. 
D) gray commissures. 
E) white commissures. 
A) anterior gray horns. 
B) lateral gray horns. 
C) posterior gray horns. 
D) gray commissures. 
E) white commissures.

Question 10

Of the spinal meninges,the middle one is the ________ mater.

Accepted Answer

A) epidural 
B) pia 
C) subdural 
D) arachnoid 
E) dura 
A) epidural 
B) pia 
C) subdural 
D) arachnoid 
E) dura

Question 11

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

Accepted Answer

A) are automatic motor responses. 
B) are the simplest form of behavior. 
C) help preserve homeostasis. 
D) usually cannot be suppressed by the brain. 
E) involve at least two neurons. 
A) are automatic motor responses. 
B) are the simplest form of behavior. 
C) help preserve homeostasis. 
D) usually cannot be suppressed by the brain. 
E) involve at least two neurons.

Question 12

The ________ space separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal.

Accepted Answer

A) subpial 
B) subarachnoid 
C) epidural 
D) epiarachnoid 
E) subdural 
A) subpial 
B) subarachnoid 
C) epidural 
D) epiarachnoid 
E) subdural

Question 13

Blood vessels traveling within ________ deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) the pia mater 
B) the arachnoid mater 
C) the dura mater 
D) all three cranial meninges 
E) all three spinal meninges 
A) the pia mater 
B) the arachnoid mater 
C) the dura mater 
D) all three cranial meninges 
E) all three spinal meninges

Question 14

The myotatic reflex is also known as the ________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

A) stretch 
B) tendon 
C) flexor 
D) crossed extensor 
E) reciprocal 
A) stretch 
B) tendon 
C) flexor 
D) crossed extensor 
E) reciprocal

Question 15

Explain the cause of shingles.

Accepted Answer

Shingles is caused by reactivation of th

Question 16

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

Accepted Answer

A) axons of motor neurons. 
B) axons of sensory neurons. 
C) cell bodies of motor neurons. 
D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. 
E) synapses. 
A) axons of motor neurons. 
B) axons of sensory neurons. 
C) cell bodies of motor neurons. 
D) cell bodies of sensory neurons. 
E) synapses.

Question 17

Figure 12-1
-Where do somatic motor neurons reside?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 12 
C) 13 
D) 14 
E) 15 
A) 10 
B) 12 
C) 13 
D) 14 
E) 15

Question 18

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?

Accepted Answer

A) a monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex 
B) a polysynaptic ipsilateral reflex 
C) a monosynaptic contralateral reflex 
D) a polysynaptic contralateral reflex 
A) a monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex 
B) a polysynaptic ipsilateral reflex 
C) a monosynaptic contralateral reflex 
D) a polysynaptic contralateral reflex

Question 19

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 12 
C) 25 
D) 31 
E) The number varies widely among individuals. 
A) 5 
B) 12 
C) 25 
D) 31 
E) The number varies widely among individuals.

Question 20

Describe the various classifications of neural reflexes.

Accepted Answer

Neural reflexes are classified according

Exam 12: The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

All of the following terms refer to ways that reflexes can be classified except

The postganglionic fibers that connect an sympathetic ganglion and carry fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscle of the body wall or limbs are the

The complex,interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n)

Define spinal reflex.

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

List the components of a reflex arc.

Differentiate between divergent and convergent neural circuits.

Damage to which nerve of the cervical plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe?

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

Of the spinal meninges,the middle one is the ________ mater.

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

The ________ space separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal.

Blood vessels traveling within ________ deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord.

The myotatic reflex is also known as the ________ reflex.

Explain the cause of shingles.

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

Figure 12-1 -Where do somatic motor neurons reside?

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments.

Describe the various classifications of neural reflexes.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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