Question 1

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  
-integrase

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the list of terms to identify...

Question 2

Which sentence best describes an epitope?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a complement protein that initiates lysis of target cells. 
B) It is the part of an antigen that binds to and stimulates the production of an antibody. 
C) It is too small to stimulate an immune response. 
D) It is the antigen binding site of an antibody molecule. 
A) It is a complement protein that initiates lysis of target cells. 
B) It is the part of an antigen that binds to and stimulates the production of an antibody. 
C) It is too small to stimulate an immune response. 
D) It is the antigen binding site of an antibody molecule.

Question 3

How many B cells does each person have?

Accepted Answer

A) about 10 trillion 
B) about 15 trillion 
C) about 20 trillion 
D) about 25 trillion 
A) about 10 trillion 
B) about 15 trillion 
C) about 20 trillion 
D) about 25 trillion

Question 4

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A) dermatitis 
B) eczema 
C) cancer 
D) multiple sclerosis 
A) dermatitis 
B) eczema 
C) cancer 
D) multiple sclerosis

Question 5

Cephalosporin is a drug routinely used to reduce the rejection of transplanted organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What does complement system refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) a set of specific antibodies 
B) a set of specific defence proteins 
C) a set of specific antibiotics 
D) a set of specific lymphocytes 
A) a set of specific antibodies 
B) a set of specific defence proteins 
C) a set of specific antibiotics 
D) a set of specific lymphocytes

Question 7

-In the figure, which number indicates the antigen-binding site?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 5 
D) 6 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 5 
D) 6

Question 8

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-may exist as a pentamer

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 9

Match each cell with its description.
-CD4+ cell

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 10

-In the figure, which number indicates the constant region of a light chain?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 1 
A) 5 
B) 4 
C) 3 
D) 1

Question 11

Which phrase describes curve E in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) a secondary response to the initial antigen 
B) a secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
C) a primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
D) a primary response to the initial antigen 
A) a secondary response to the initial antigen 
B) a secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
C) a primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
D) a primary response to the initial antigen

Question 12

Why has the development of an HIV vaccine been very difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) because the virus produces enzymes that destroy the vaccine 
B) because the virus is a DNA virus, and vaccines work against only RNA viruses 
C) because the virus has no antigens to target 
D) because the viral coat antigens change frequently as the virus replicates 
A) because the virus produces enzymes that destroy the vaccine 
B) because the virus is a DNA virus, and vaccines work against only RNA viruses 
C) because the virus has no antigens to target 
D) because the viral coat antigens change frequently as the virus replicates

Question 13

What did Edward Jenner inject individuals with and why?

Accepted Answer

A) with chickenpox to protect them from smallpox 
B) with cowpox to protect them from smallpox 
C) with smallpox to protect them from chickenpox 
D) with cowpox to protect them from chickenpox 
A) with chickenpox to protect them from smallpox 
B) with cowpox to protect them from smallpox 
C) with smallpox to protect them from chickenpox 
D) with cowpox to protect them from chickenpox

Question 14

Match each cell with its description.
-monocyte

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 15

Suppose that you had a cold last month, and you caught another one this month from your brother. Which of the following explains why you caught a new cold?

Accepted Answer

A) Your antigen-presenting cells did not recognize the second cold virus. 
B) The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
C) Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
D) The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
A) Your antigen-presenting cells did not recognize the second cold virus. 
B) The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
C) Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
D) The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded.

Question 16

Which antibodies activate the complement system?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG and IgD 
B) IgA and IgD 
C) IgA and IgE 
D) IgG and IgM 
A) IgG and IgD 
B) IgA and IgD 
C) IgA and IgE 
D) IgG and IgM

Question 17

Under what conditions does a CD8+ T cell bind to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a B cell 
B) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C) only if this antigen is not in a complex with MHC proteins 
D) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class I MHC protein 
A) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a B cell 
B) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C) only if this antigen is not in a complex with MHC proteins 
D) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class I MHC protein

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of the acquired immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) memory 
B) lack of ability to distinguish self from nonself 
C) ability to respond to millions of different antigens 
D) nonspecificity 
A) memory 
B) lack of ability to distinguish self from nonself 
C) ability to respond to millions of different antigens 
D) nonspecificity

Question 19

How are B cells and T cells that react with self-antigens destroyed?

Accepted Answer

A) by phagocytosis 
B) by apoptosis 
C) by diakinesis 
D) by endocytosis 
A) by phagocytosis 
B) by apoptosis 
C) by diakinesis 
D) by endocytosis

Question 20

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called humoral immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 51: Defences Against Disease

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -integrase

Which sentence best describes an epitope?

How many B cells does each person have?

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

Cephalosporin is a drug routinely used to reduce the rejection of transplanted organs.

What does complement system refer to?

-In the figure, which number indicates the antigen-binding site?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -may exist as a pentamer

Match each cell with its description. -CD4+ cell

-In the figure, which number indicates the constant region of a light chain?

Which phrase describes curve E in the figure?

Why has the development of an HIV vaccine been very difficult?

What did Edward Jenner inject individuals with and why?

Match each cell with its description. -monocyte

Suppose that you had a cold last month, and you caught another one this month from your brother. Which of the following explains why you caught a new cold?

Which antibodies activate the complement system?

Under what conditions does a CD8+ T cell bind to an antigen?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the acquired immune response?

How are B cells and T cells that react with self-antigens destroyed?

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called humoral immunity.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Match each cell with its description. -CD4⁺ cell

Under what conditions does a CD8⁺ T cell bind to an antigen?