Question 1

How are B-cell receptors different from T-cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) B-cell receptors are bound to the cell membrane, while T-cell receptors are bound to the nuclear membrane. 
B) B-cell receptors bind antigen, while T-cell receptors do not. 
C) B-cell receptors have a more complex structure. 
D) B-cell receptors have a more simple structure. 
A) B-cell receptors are bound to the cell membrane, while T-cell receptors are bound to the nuclear membrane. 
B) B-cell receptors bind antigen, while T-cell receptors do not. 
C) B-cell receptors have a more complex structure. 
D) B-cell receptors have a more simple structure.

Question 2

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies can protect the body from foreign antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) separation 
B) stimulation of cytotoxic T cells 
C) enhancement of phagocytosis 
D) activation of T cells 
A) separation 
B) stimulation of cytotoxic T cells 
C) enhancement of phagocytosis 
D) activation of T cells

Question 3

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  
-viral coat protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the list of terms to identify...

Question 4

-In the figure, which number indicates the variable region of a light chain?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 5

Question 5

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-defends against parasitic worms

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 6

How many people are now infected by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and what is the forecast?

Accepted Answer

A) Twenty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of effective antibiotic treatments. 
B) Forty million people are infected, and climbing. 
C) Forty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of effective antibiotic treatments. 
D) Forty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of an effective vaccination campaign. 
A) Twenty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of effective antibiotic treatments. 
B) Forty million people are infected, and climbing. 
C) Forty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of effective antibiotic treatments. 
D) Forty million people are infected; however, the number is decreasing because of an effective vaccination campaign.

Question 7

-In the figure, how long could the interval between points A and C be?

Accepted Answer

A) as long as several years 
B) as long as several months 
C) as long as several days 
D) as long as several hours 
A) as long as several years 
B) as long as several months 
C) as long as several days 
D) as long as several hours

Question 8

Under what conditions does a CD4S1U1P1+ S1S1P0T cell bind to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a B cell 
B) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a T cell 
D) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class III MHC protein 
A) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a B cell 
B) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class II MHC protein 
C) only if this antigen is presented on the surface of a T cell 
D) only if this antigen is in a complex with a class III MHC protein

Question 9

Match each cell with its description.
-mast cell

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of active immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) resistance to chicken pox, acquired as a result of a childhood disease 
B) passage of antibodies across blood 
C) passage of antibodies across the placenta 
D) passage of activated T cells from one individual to another 
A) resistance to chicken pox, acquired as a result of a childhood disease 
B) passage of antibodies across blood 
C) passage of antibodies across the placenta 
D) passage of activated T cells from one individual to another

Question 11

Which statement describes innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) It has memory of prior exposure to an organism. 
B) It involves a variety of chemicals, including defensins and complement. 
C) It does not involve a variety of cells, including phagocytes and NK cells. 
D) It must be primed by the presence of antigens. 
A) It has memory of prior exposure to an organism. 
B) It involves a variety of chemicals, including defensins and complement. 
C) It does not involve a variety of cells, including phagocytes and NK cells. 
D) It must be primed by the presence of antigens.

Question 12

Which immune system components have a principal role in curve D in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) memory cells 
C) NK cells 
D) IgM and IgG 
A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) memory cells 
C) NK cells 
D) IgM and IgG

Question 13

Match each cell with its description.
-CD8+ cell

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 14

Antibody diversity is due to genetic influences on which region?

Accepted Answer

A) the variable region 
B) the constant region 
C) the hinge region 
D) the light chain 
A) the variable region 
B) the constant region 
C) the hinge region 
D) the light chain

Question 15

Which of the following is involved in the body's secondary immune defence?

Accepted Answer

A) the acidity of stomach 
B) the lysozyme 
C) the complement system 
D) the combination of digestive enzymes of the small intestine 
A) the acidity of stomach 
B) the lysozyme 
C) the complement system 
D) the combination of digestive enzymes of the small intestine

Question 16

Match each cell with its description.
-eosinophil

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 17

Which of the following is required for HIV replication?

Accepted Answer

A) gp100 
B) gp110 
C) gp120 
D) gp130 
A) gp100 
B) gp110 
C) gp120 
D) gp130

Question 18

Which molecules are correctly matched with their source?

Accepted Answer

A) interferons: virus-infected cells 
B) interleukins: cytotoxic T cells 
C) immunoglobulins: T cells 
D) histamines: B cells 
A) interferons: virus-infected cells 
B) interleukins: cytotoxic T cells 
C) immunoglobulins: T cells 
D) histamines: B cells

Question 19

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-is most abundant in secretions

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 20

Opsonins are antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in the innate immunity of the mammalian intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 51: Defences Against Disease

How are B-cell receptors different from T-cell receptors?

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies can protect the body from foreign antigens?

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -viral coat protein

-In the figure, which number indicates the variable region of a light chain?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -defends against parasitic worms

How many people are now infected by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and what is the forecast?

-In the figure, how long could the interval between points A and C be?

Under what conditions does a CD4+ T cell bind to an antigen?

Match each cell with its description. -mast cell

Which of the following is an example of active immunity?

Which statement describes innate immunity?

Which immune system components have a principal role in curve D in the figure?

Match each cell with its description. -CD8+ cell

Antibody diversity is due to genetic influences on which region?

Which of the following is involved in the body's secondary immune defence?

Match each cell with its description. -eosinophil

Which of the following is required for HIV replication?

Which molecules are correctly matched with their source?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -is most abundant in secretions

Opsonins are antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in the innate immunity of the mammalian intestinal tract.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Under what conditions does a CD4⁺T cell bind to an antigen?

Match each cell with its description. -CD8⁺ cell