Question 1

How do B-cell receptors differ from antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) B-cell receptors include a transmembrane domain. 
B) B-cell receptors do not contain heavy chains. 
C) B-cell receptors bind antigen. 
D) B-cell receptors include a variable region. 
A) B-cell receptors include a transmembrane domain. 
B) B-cell receptors do not contain heavy chains. 
C) B-cell receptors bind antigen. 
D) B-cell receptors include a variable region.

Question 2

What does the enzyme lysozyme offer protection from?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) worms 
D) protists 
A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) worms 
D) protists

Question 3

What happens in the case of immune privilege?

Accepted Answer

A) cells express FasL to reduce inflammation 
B) cells suppress FasL to enlarge inflammation 
C) cells express FasL to enlarge inflammation 
D) cells suppress FasL to reduce inflammation 
A) cells express FasL to reduce inflammation 
B) cells suppress FasL to enlarge inflammation 
C) cells express FasL to enlarge inflammation 
D) cells suppress FasL to reduce inflammation

Question 4

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-plays a major role in the allergic response

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 6

What are the major phagocytic cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) monocytes and mast cells 
B) macrophages and neutrophils 
C) macrophages and monocytes 
D) monocytes and basophils 
A) monocytes and mast cells 
B) macrophages and neutrophils 
C) macrophages and monocytes 
D) monocytes and basophils

Question 7

Which molecules regulate defence responses via signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) prostaglandins 
B) histamines 
C) opsonins 
D) cytokines 
A) prostaglandins 
B) histamines 
C) opsonins 
D) cytokines

Question 8

Which of the following can be present in a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A) a weakened pathogen 
B) distilled water 
C) an unmodified antigen from a pathogen 
D) a modified antibody from a pathogen 
A) a weakened pathogen 
B) distilled water 
C) an unmodified antigen from a pathogen 
D) a modified antibody from a pathogen

Question 9

Which statement best describes the clonal selection theory?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual contains many types of B cells, and each secretes only one kind of antibody. 
B) Each B cell can produce many types of antibodies, each of which reacts with a different antigen. 
C) B cells differentiate into plasma cells and T cells. 
D) An individual contains a single type of B cell. 
A) An individual contains many types of B cells, and each secretes only one kind of antibody. 
B) Each B cell can produce many types of antibodies, each of which reacts with a different antigen. 
C) B cells differentiate into plasma cells and T cells. 
D) An individual contains a single type of B cell.

Question 10

Explain how symbiosis between nematodes and bacteria affect an insect's response as a host.

Accepted Answer

Some nematodes have teamed up with speci

Question 11

Which sequence of numbers places the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order?
 1)Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
2)Helper T cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex.
3)Contact with antigen.
4)Clones of B cells produced.
5)Fragmentation of antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 
B) 3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
C) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1 
A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 
B) 3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
C) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1

Question 12

In the respiratory tract, pileated cells constantly sweep mucus with its trapped foreign matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a part of an antibody molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) no chain 
B) light chain 
C) antibody-binding site 
D) epitope 
A) no chain 
B) light chain 
C) antibody-binding site 
D) epitope

Question 14

What is clonal selection? How does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection is the process by which

Question 15

Which set of terms refer to cells that can serve as antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages, basophils, and B cells 
B) macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells 
C) macrophages, T cells, and basophils 
D) B cells, T cells, and basophils 
A) macrophages, basophils, and B cells 
B) macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells 
C) macrophages, T cells, and basophils 
D) B cells, T cells, and basophils

Question 16

Suppose that a patient's serum is analyzed and found to have an abnormally low level of CD8 molecules. What does this suggest about the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) that the patient has insufficient numbers of helper T cells 
B) that the patient has insufficient numbers of cytotoxic T cells 
C) that the patient has insufficient numbers of macrophages 
D) that the patient has insufficient numbers of B cells 
A) that the patient has insufficient numbers of helper T cells 
B) that the patient has insufficient numbers of cytotoxic T cells 
C) that the patient has insufficient numbers of macrophages 
D) that the patient has insufficient numbers of B cells

Question 17

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Only active immunity involves antibodies. 
B) Active immunity is slower in onset and longer lived. 
C) Active immunity is faster in onset and shorter lived. 
D) Active immunity is faster in onset and longer lived. 
A) Only active immunity involves antibodies. 
B) Active immunity is slower in onset and longer lived. 
C) Active immunity is faster in onset and shorter lived. 
D) Active immunity is faster in onset and longer lived.

Exam 51: Defences Against Disease

How do B-cell receptors differ from antibodies?

What does the enzyme lysozyme offer protection from?

What happens in the case of immune privilege?

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -plays a major role in the allergic response

What are the major phagocytic cells in the body?

Which molecules regulate defence responses via signal transduction pathways?

Which of the following can be present in a vaccine?

Which statement best describes the clonal selection theory?

Explain how symbiosis between nematodes and bacteria affect an insect's response as a host.

Which sequence of numbers places the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order? 1)Plasma cells secrete antibodies. 2)Helper T cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex. 3)Contact with antigen. 4)Clones of B cells produced. 5)Fragmentation of antigen.

In the respiratory tract, pileated cells constantly sweep mucus with its trapped foreign matter.

Which of the following is a part of an antibody molecule?

What is clonal selection? How does it occur?

Which set of terms refer to cells that can serve as antigen-presenting cells?

Suppose that a patient's serum is analyzed and found to have an abnormally low level of CD8 molecules. What does this suggest about the patient?

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Upon antigenic stimulation, CD8⁺ T cells differentiate into helper T cells.