Exam 20: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Homeostasis

You are looking at a tissue under a microscope. You see mostly densely packed fibers with some cells scattered throughout. You would predict that the function of this tissue is to

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this individual is able to adjust the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will have

Which of the following is a major category of animal tissue?

Hyperthyroidism treatment in cats usually involves antithyroid medication or the use of radioactive iodine to destroy the abnormal (overactive) tissue growing in the thyroid gland. Surgery to remove the abnormal tissue is generally not advised, as the surgery could also accidentally destroy parathyroid tissue. The parathyroid gland releases a hormone called PTH that increases blood calcium levels. Based on your knowledge of homeostasis, predict why surgery is ill-advised.

Most homeostasis depends on

Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is true?

Stratified squamous epithelium is well suited for

Which of the following indicates a poorly designed study?

A leading motivation for scientists to bioengineer human organs for transplant is the trend in the percentage of patients on the organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant (that is, [Number receiving transplant/Number on the wait list] × 100), as shown in this graph. Furthermore, although ethnic groups generally donate in proportion to their group's representation in the U.S. population, the need for particular organs in some groups is much higher than in others. For example, chronic kidney disease is three times more common in African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos as compared to Caucasians. Although organ compatibility is based on blood type and tissue markers, and not ethnicity, a compatible match is more likely between people of the same ethnic group (that is, with greater genetic similarity). Thus, bioengineering of human organs can also potentially solve the problem of decreased access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people. Change in percent of organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant -Bioengineered organs can potentially reduce the risk of transplants being rejected by a patient's immune system. What is the best design for a study that examines transplant rejection of bioengineered organs in different ethnic groups?

One of the functions of skin is the synthesis of vitamin D. Which of the following would be evidence for this function?

You are looking at a sample of epithelial tissue under a microscope. What would you look for to determine the type of epithelium you are viewing?

If the epithelium that lines the air sacs of your lungs were to gain a layer of cells, which of the following would likely occur to the rate of oxygen diffusion?

When body temperature is too high, which of the following occurs?

Which of the following is closely associated with the exchange functions of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems?

The vertebrate kidney helps to keep the acidity of body fluids constant by varying the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) it secretes into the urine. You can confidently predict that this aspect of kidney function will be controlled by

The main function of muscle tissue is

Which of the following statements about an organ is false?

The connection between structure and ________ is a basic concept of biology.

The respiratory system includes all of the following structures except the