Question 1

Inbreeding reduces which of the following variances to near zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic variance 
B)  Environmental variance 
C)  Both variances 
D)  Neither variance 
A)  Genetic variance 
B)  Environmental variance 
C)  Both variances 
D)  Neither variance

Question 2

Traits that fall into discrete categories are called continuous traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is true concerning a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals fall into distinct classes for comparison 
B)  The phenotypic variation for the trait is continuous 
C)  The phenotypic variation for the trait falls into two to three classes 
D)  The frequency distribution of the trait will have an asymmetrical shape 
A)  Individuals fall into distinct classes for comparison 
B)  The phenotypic variation for the trait is continuous 
C)  The phenotypic variation for the trait falls into two to three classes 
D)  The frequency distribution of the trait will have an asymmetrical shape

Question 4

In QTL mapping, the parental strains are crossed and the F1 generation backcrossed to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The F2 generation 
B)  The parental generation 
C)  A strain that is homozygous recessive for all markers 
D)  A wild-type organism 
A)  The F2 generation 
B)  The parental generation 
C)  A strain that is homozygous recessive for all markers 
D)  A wild-type organism

Question 5

QTL stands for quantitative trait loci and is an example of monogenic inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The sum of all of the values for a trait, divided by the total number of individuals, is called the standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

QTL mapping can rely on the relationship between genes for quantitative traits and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The centromere 
B)  Transposon sites 
C)  Structural genes 
D)  Molecular markers such as RFLPs 
A)  The centromere 
B)  Transposon sites 
C)  Structural genes 
D)  Molecular markers such as RFLPs

Question 8

A selective breeding program is trying to develop an agricultural plant with decreased stem length to aid in mechanical harvesting. The mean stem height of the population is 36 cm while the mean stem height of the parents is 30 cm and the mean stem height of the offspring is 33 cm. What is the realized heritability for stem height in this crop?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  -3 
D)  0.1 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  -3 
D)  0.1

Question 9

The first step in the backcross mating strategy for QTL mapping is that

Accepted Answer

A)  two inbred parental strains that differ in a quantitative trait are crossed to produce an F1. 
B)  the F1 offspring are crossed with each other. 
C)  the F2 offspring must contain chromosomes that are recombinant between the markers and the genes involved in the trait 
D)  each parent should contain the same alleles at each QTL. 
A)  two inbred parental strains that differ in a quantitative trait are crossed to produce an F1. 
B)  the F1 offspring are crossed with each other. 
C)  the F2 offspring must contain chromosomes that are recombinant between the markers and the genes involved in the trait 
D)  each parent should contain the same alleles at each QTL.

Question 10

What is the variance for the mother's and daughter's heights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mothers: 42.21 Daughters: 24.26 
B)  Mothers: 41.32 Daughters: 23.71 
C)  Mothers: 43.78 Daughters: 24.26 
D)  Mothers: 42.21 Daughters 23.78 
A)  Mothers: 42.21 Daughters: 24.26 
B)  Mothers: 41.32 Daughters: 23.71 
C)  Mothers: 43.78 Daughters: 24.26 
D)  Mothers: 42.21 Daughters 23.78

Question 11

The variance is sum of the standard deviation from the mean divided by the degrees of freedom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Heritability is the amount of genetic variation in a particular population and a particular environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The process of mating between genetically unrelated individuals is called inbreeding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Heterosis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the combination of lethal alleles due to inbreeding 
B)  an increased vigor of hybrids resulting from the crossing of inbred strains 
C)  a measurement of the variance due to environmental factors 
D)  the result of homozygosity of multiple, dominant, detrimental alleles. 
A)  the combination of lethal alleles due to inbreeding 
B)  an increased vigor of hybrids resulting from the crossing of inbred strains 
C)  a measurement of the variance due to environmental factors 
D)  the result of homozygosity of multiple, dominant, detrimental alleles.

Question 15

Polygenic inheritance may result in a continuum of phenotypes because

Accepted Answer

A)  as the number of genes controlling a trait increases and the influence of environment variation becomes greater, there is a blurring of discreteness 
B)  the alleles for each gene are either completely dominant or recessive 
C)  additive genes mean the characters are meristic 
D)  correlations among various traits are always positive 
A)  as the number of genes controlling a trait increases and the influence of environment variation becomes greater, there is a blurring of discreteness 
B)  the alleles for each gene are either completely dominant or recessive 
C)  additive genes mean the characters are meristic 
D)  correlations among various traits are always positive

Question 16

After calculating a correlation coefficient you discover that the value is not significant at the 5% level. What can be done to produce a significant difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the sample size 
B)  Decrease the sample size 
C)  Nothing, the value will remain the same regardless of sample size 
A)  Increase the sample size 
B)  Decrease the sample size 
C)  Nothing, the value will remain the same regardless of sample size

Question 17

What is a typical characteristic of a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  No environmental influence on the trait 
B)  Polygenic basis 
C)  Discontinuous distribution of phenotypic trait. 
D)  Usually the graph of trait versus frequency has two distinct peaks. 
A)  No environmental influence on the trait 
B)  Polygenic basis 
C)  Discontinuous distribution of phenotypic trait. 
D)  Usually the graph of trait versus frequency has two distinct peaks.

Question 18

The amount of phenotypic variation in a group that is due to genetic variation is called heritability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

It is possible for a genetically homozygous plant population to show a bell shaped height distribution because

Accepted Answer

A)  of environmental factors. 
B)  the trait is discrete. 
C)  there is no genetic variation, all plants will be the same height 
A)  of environmental factors. 
B)  the trait is discrete. 
C)  there is no genetic variation, all plants will be the same height

Exam 28: Complex and Quantitative Traits

Inbreeding reduces which of the following variances to near zero?

Traits that fall into discrete categories are called continuous traits.

What is true concerning a quantitative trait?

In QTL mapping, the parental strains are crossed and the F1 generation backcrossed to which of the following?

QTL stands for quantitative trait loci and is an example of monogenic inheritance.

The sum of all of the values for a trait, divided by the total number of individuals, is called the standard deviation.

QTL mapping can rely on the relationship between genes for quantitative traits and which of the following?

The first step in the backcross mating strategy for QTL mapping is that

What is the variance for the mother's and daughter's heights?

The variance is sum of the standard deviation from the mean divided by the degrees of freedom.

Heritability is the amount of genetic variation in a particular population and a particular environment.

The process of mating between genetically unrelated individuals is called inbreeding.

Heterosis is ________.

Polygenic inheritance may result in a continuum of phenotypes because

After calculating a correlation coefficient you discover that the value is not significant at the 5% level. What can be done to produce a significant difference?

What is a typical characteristic of a quantitative trait?

The amount of phenotypic variation in a group that is due to genetic variation is called heritability.

It is possible for a genetically homozygous plant population to show a bell shaped height distribution because

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

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