Question 1

A loss of an internal piece of a chromosome is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal translocation 
B)  terminal deficiency 
C)  interstitial deletion 
D)  gene duplication 
A)  reciprocal translocation 
B)  terminal deficiency 
C)  interstitial deletion 
D)  gene duplication

Question 2

The common goldfish Carassius auratus has 100 chromosomes and is tetraploid. The goldfish therefore has ________ sets of chromosomes containing ________ chromosomes each.

Accepted Answer

A)  4; 25 
B)  2; 50 
C)  4; 100 
D)  1; 100 
A)  4; 25 
B)  2; 50 
C)  4; 100 
D)  1; 100

Question 3

The production of gene families, such as the globin genes is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inversions 
B)  deficiencies 
C)  gene duplications 
D)  simple translocations 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  inversions 
B)  deficiencies 
C)  gene duplications 
D)  simple translocations 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 4

Translocations and inversions represent a change in the total amount of genetic material in chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The effects of a deficiency on an organism is dependent on the size of the deletion and the importance of the missing genetic material to the organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A diploid organism has a total of 36 chromosomes. Assuming all possible chromosome combinations are viable, if a mutant tetraploid version of this organism was created how many chromosomes would it have? If a mutant version of this organism was monosomic for chromosome 9 how many chomosomes would it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  144; 35 
B)  72; 35 
C)  144; 37 
D)  72; 37 
A)  144; 35 
B)  72; 35 
C)  144; 37 
D)  72; 37

Question 7

In meiotic nondisjunction, meiotic products can be n+1, n-1, or n depending on when nondisjunction occurs. If non disjunction occurs in Meiosis I, what is the outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  two trisomic and two monosomic products 
B)  one trisomic and three monosomic products 
C)  one trisomic, one monosomic, and two normal products 
D)  None of these answers are correct 
A)  two trisomic and two monosomic products 
B)  one trisomic and three monosomic products 
C)  one trisomic, one monosomic, and two normal products 
D)  None of these answers are correct

Question 8

Edward and Patau syndromes are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aneuploidy 
B)  allopolyploidy 
C)  autopolyploidy 
D)  translocations 
A)  aneuploidy 
B)  allopolyploidy 
C)  autopolyploidy 
D)  translocations

Question 9

Robertsonian translocations usually occur between what types of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metacentric 
B)  Acrocentric 
C)  Telocentric 
D)  Submetacentric 
A)  Metacentric 
B)  Acrocentric 
C)  Telocentric 
D)  Submetacentric

Question 10

Familial Down syndrome is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  inversion. 
B)  deficiency. 
C)  gene duplication. 
D)  translocation. 
A)  inversion. 
B)  deficiency. 
C)  gene duplication. 
D)  translocation.

Question 11

A translocation cross may occur in an individual that has a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal translocation. 
B)  unbalanced translocation. 
C)  simple translocation. 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  reciprocal translocation. 
B)  unbalanced translocation. 
C)  simple translocation. 
D)  All of the answers are correct

Question 12

You perform comparative genomic hybridization. You correctly synthesize your red and green DNA, but you forget to treat the DNA with heat before you apply the samples to metaphase chromosomes. What will the ratio of green fluorescence to red fluorescence be?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  There will be no signal. 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  There will be no signal.

Question 13

Gene duplications may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  the crossing over of misaligned chromosomes. 
B)  deletion of important genetic information. 
C)  reciprocal translocations. 
D)  position effect. 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  the crossing over of misaligned chromosomes. 
B)  deletion of important genetic information. 
C)  reciprocal translocations. 
D)  position effect. 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 14

Trisomy 8 usually leads to early miscarriage of a fetus. However, adult individuals have been found with cells that have three copies of chromosome 8 in them. How can this be?

Accepted Answer

A)  The trisomic 8 adults likely have a mosaic region with trisomy 8. 
B)  The trisomic cells underwent complete nondisjunction. 
C)  The trisomic cells underwent a meiotic nondisjunction. 
D)  This individual must be triploid. 
A)  The trisomic 8 adults likely have a mosaic region with trisomy 8. 
B)  The trisomic cells underwent complete nondisjunction. 
C)  The trisomic cells underwent a meiotic nondisjunction. 
D)  This individual must be triploid.

Question 15

What term describes an organism with two complete sets of chromosomes from two different species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetraploid 
B)  Aneuploid 
C)  Allodiploid 
D)  Allotetraploid 
A)  Tetraploid 
B)  Aneuploid 
C)  Allodiploid 
D)  Allotetraploid

Question 16

Which type of chromosome has the longest p arm of the chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acrocentric 
B)  Metacentric 
C)  Telocentric 
D)  Submetacentric 
A)  Acrocentric 
B)  Metacentric 
C)  Telocentric 
D)  Submetacentric

Question 17

Human genetic diseases such a Cri-du-chat, Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome are the result of which type of chromosomal change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Translocations 
B)  Duplications 
C)  Deletions 
D)  Inversions 
A)  Translocations 
B)  Duplications 
C)  Deletions 
D)  Inversions

Question 18

The failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synapsis 
B)  maternal effect 
C)  epistasis 
D)  nondisjunction 
A)  synapsis 
B)  maternal effect 
C)  epistasis 
D)  nondisjunction

Question 19

The aneuploid condition frequently affects the phenotype of an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Klinefelter and Turner syndromes are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  sex chromosome aneuploidy. 
B)  autosomal aneuploidy. 
C)  reciprocal translocations. 
D)  paracentric inversions. 
A)  sex chromosome aneuploidy. 
B)  autosomal aneuploidy. 
C)  reciprocal translocations. 
D)  paracentric inversions.

Exam 8: Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

A loss of an internal piece of a chromosome is called a ________.

The common goldfish Carassius auratus has 100 chromosomes and is tetraploid. The goldfish therefore has ________ sets of chromosomes containing ________ chromosomes each.

The production of gene families, such as the globin genes is the result of ________.

Translocations and inversions represent a change in the total amount of genetic material in chromosomes.

The effects of a deficiency on an organism is dependent on the size of the deletion and the importance of the missing genetic material to the organism.

In meiotic nondisjunction, meiotic products can be n+1, n-1, or n depending on when nondisjunction occurs. If non disjunction occurs in Meiosis I, what is the outcome?

Edward and Patau syndromes are examples of ________.

Robertsonian translocations usually occur between what types of chromosomes?

Familial Down syndrome is a result of

A translocation cross may occur in an individual that has a(n)

You perform comparative genomic hybridization. You correctly synthesize your red and green DNA, but you forget to treat the DNA with heat before you apply the samples to metaphase chromosomes. What will the ratio of green fluorescence to red fluorescence be?

Gene duplications may be caused by

Trisomy 8 usually leads to early miscarriage of a fetus. However, adult individuals have been found with cells that have three copies of chromosome 8 in them. How can this be?

What term describes an organism with two complete sets of chromosomes from two different species?

Which type of chromosome has the longest p arm of the chromosome?

Human genetic diseases such a Cri-du-chat, Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome are the result of which type of chromosomal change?

The failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase is called ________.

The aneuploid condition frequently affects the phenotype of an organism.

Klinefelter and Turner syndromes are examples of

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

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The common goldfish Carassius auratus has 100 chromosomes and is tetraploid. The goldfish therefore has sets of chromosomes containing chromosomes each.