Question 1

In overdominance, the ________ genotype is beneficial over the ________ genotypes.

Accepted Answer

A)  heterozygous, homozygous 
B)  homozygous, heterozygous 
C)  homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive 
D)  homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant 
E)  incomplete dominant, codominant 
A)  heterozygous, homozygous 
B)  homozygous, heterozygous 
C)  homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive 
D)  homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant 
E)  incomplete dominant, codominant

Question 2

At the molecular level, type A and type B blood differ in which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antigens present on the surface of the red blood cells 
B)  The type of sugar found in each type 
C)  The antibodies that are generated against the other type of blood 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  The antigens present on the surface of the red blood cells 
B)  The type of sugar found in each type 
C)  The antibodies that are generated against the other type of blood 
D)  All of the answers are correct

Question 3

Which of the following is not correct concerning epistatic interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be associated with enzymatic pathways. 
B)  They produce variations in the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio of a dihybrid cross. 
C)  They can result when a gene at one locus masks the expression of a gene at a different locus. 
D)  They always result in a 9:7 ratio of a dihybrid cross. 
E)  They are due to gene interactions. 
A)  They can be associated with enzymatic pathways. 
B)  They produce variations in the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio of a dihybrid cross. 
C)  They can result when a gene at one locus masks the expression of a gene at a different locus. 
D)  They always result in a 9:7 ratio of a dihybrid cross. 
E)  They are due to gene interactions.

Question 4

For a certain trait, a heterozygous individual has a selective advantage as compared to a homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individual. This is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  codominance 
B)  incomplete dominance 
C)  overdominance 
D)  incomplete penetrance 
E)  multiple allele systems 
A)  codominance 
B)  incomplete dominance 
C)  overdominance 
D)  incomplete penetrance 
E)  multiple allele systems

Question 5

Paralogs are often functionally redundant and can compensate for the loss of either of the paralogs in a set.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In four-o'clock plants, red flower color is dominant to white flower color. However, heterozygous plants have a pink color. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  ¼ red, ½ pink, ¼ white 
B)  All pink 
C)  All white 
D)  ½ pink, ½ white 
E)  ½ red, ½ pink 
A)  ¼ red, ½ pink, ¼ white 
B)  All pink 
C)  All white 
D)  ½ pink, ½ white 
E)  ½ red, ½ pink

Question 7

Incomplete dominance is an example of blending of phenotypes, not genotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Variable expressivity means that the phenotype of a trait can vary between individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare X-linked allele for one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born male and affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/4 
D)  0 
A)  1/2 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/4 
D)  0

Question 10

If a light-eosin eye male Drosophila is crossed to a homozygous red eyed female, what will be the phenotype of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  All offspring will have red eyes. 
B)  All males will have light-eosin eyes and all females will have eosin eye 
C)  All females will have red eyes, all males will have light-eosin eyes. 
D)  All flies will have white eyes. 
A)  All offspring will have red eyes. 
B)  All males will have light-eosin eyes and all females will have eosin eye 
C)  All females will have red eyes, all males will have light-eosin eyes. 
D)  All flies will have white eyes.

Question 11

If a combination of two or more genes is required to produce a specific trait, it is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  overdominance 
B)  simple mendelian trait 
C)  sex-influenced trait 
D)  sex-linked trait 
E)  gene interaction 
A)  overdominance 
B)  simple mendelian trait 
C)  sex-influenced trait 
D)  sex-linked trait 
E)  gene interaction

Question 12

The interaction of two genes to produce a phenotype was first described by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Morgan and Bridges 
B)  Mendel 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Bateson and Punnett 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  Morgan and Bridges 
B)  Mendel 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Bateson and Punnett 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 13

The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epistasis 
B)  penetrance 
C)  expressivity 
D)  overdominance 
E)  pleiotropy 
A)  epistasis 
B)  penetrance 
C)  expressivity 
D)  overdominance 
E)  pleiotropy

Question 14

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare X-linked allele for one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born female and affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/4 
D)  0 
A)  1/2 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/4 
D)  0

Question 15

Male-pattern baldness is only an autosomal dominant trait in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals with the trait show variation in expression. 
B)  It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait. 
C)  Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait. 
D)  The trait is present in 70% of the population. 
A)  Individuals with the trait show variation in expression. 
B)  It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait. 
C)  Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait. 
D)  The trait is present in 70% of the population.

Question 17

How did Bateson and Punnett's work with comb morphology in chickens differ from the dihybrid work of Mendel?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were working with sex-limited traits. 
B)  Their F2 offspring displayed 4 unique phenotypes, not the four combinations of two phenotypes expected in a Mendelian cross. 
C)  ½ of their combinations were lethal. 
D)  The expression of their trait varied by the environment in which the chickens were raised. 
A)  They were working with sex-limited traits. 
B)  Their F2 offspring displayed 4 unique phenotypes, not the four combinations of two phenotypes expected in a Mendelian cross. 
C)  ½ of their combinations were lethal. 
D)  The expression of their trait varied by the environment in which the chickens were raised.

Question 18

Huntington disease in humans is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lethal alleles 
B)  epistasis 
C)  semilethal alleles 
D)  recessive inheritance 
E)  environmental effects 
A)  lethal alleles 
B)  epistasis 
C)  semilethal alleles 
D)  recessive inheritance 
E)  environmental effects

Question 19

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring. What blood type is not possible in their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type O blood 
B)  Type A blood 
C)  Type B blood 
D)  Type AB blood 
E)  All blood types are possible 
A)  Type O blood 
B)  Type A blood 
C)  Type B blood 
D)  Type AB blood 
E)  All blood types are possible

Question 20

When wild-type offspring are produced from a cross between parents that both display the same recessive phenotype, this illustrates the genetic phenomenon of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple recessive alleles 
B)  incomplete penetrance 
C)  complementation 
D)  gene dosage 
E)  a spontaneous mutation 
A)  simple recessive alleles 
B)  incomplete penetrance 
C)  complementation 
D)  gene dosage 
E)  a spontaneous mutation

Exam 4: Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

In overdominance, the ________ genotype is beneficial over the ________ genotypes.

At the molecular level, type A and type B blood differ in which of the following characteristics?

Which of the following is not correct concerning epistatic interactions?

For a certain trait, a heterozygous individual has a selective advantage as compared to a homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individual. This is called ________.

Paralogs are often functionally redundant and can compensate for the loss of either of the paralogs in a set.

In four-o'clock plants, red flower color is dominant to white flower color. However, heterozygous plants have a pink color. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their offspring?

Incomplete dominance is an example of blending of phenotypes, not genotypes.

Variable expressivity means that the phenotype of a trait can vary between individuals.

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare X-linked allele for one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born male and affected?

If a light-eosin eye male Drosophila is crossed to a homozygous red eyed female, what will be the phenotype of their offspring?

If a combination of two or more genes is required to produce a specific trait, it is called a(n) ________.

The interaction of two genes to produce a phenotype was first described by ________.

The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called ________.

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare X-linked allele for one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born female and affected?

Male-pattern baldness is only an autosomal dominant trait in humans.

If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean?

How did Bateson and Punnett's work with comb morphology in chickens differ from the dihybrid work of Mendel?

Huntington disease in humans is an example of ________.

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring. What blood type is not possible in their offspring?

When wild-type offspring are produced from a cross between parents that both display the same recessive phenotype, this illustrates the genetic phenomenon of ________.

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

In overdominance, the genotype is beneficial over the genotypes.