Exam 47: Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

In a specific community there are some isolated populations of flowering plants that have evolved adaptations to their local areas within the community. Each isolated population contributes to:

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on a community is called a _____ species.

An area that experiences very little change in species composition:

Which of the following organisms would most likely be FIRST to colonize an area undergoing succession?

Which of the following might be expected to increase as a result of predation?

You continue your experiments by taking one of the trees in the canopy and removing all of the ants. If the ants and aphids are in a mutualistic relationship that strongly benefits them both, you expect the aphid population will _____ in response to the lack of ants.

Keystone species can have significant influences over several populations in a community through their:

Organisms that take up inorganic nutrients and convert them to organic molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins are called:

In some rocky intertidal habitats, the barnacle Chthamalus can survive across the same depths as can the barnacle Balanus. However, where the two species occur together, Chthamalus adults are found only in the more stressful upper portions of the habitat where they are more able than Balanus to resist desiccation. This is an example of:

Lampreys are known to attach themselves to fish. In doing so they rasp off a section of the fish with hard keratinized structures and "feed" on the blood and fluid that oozes into their oral cavity. Fish can survive with a lamprey attached, but they have to expend extra energy swimming with the lamprey attached. This association would be designated a:

In the example of the predator/prey web in the grassland community on Bylot Island, a rise in the snowy owl population would have what effect on the snow goose?

Which of the following is expected to reduce competition among individuals?

You sample the solid waste of three infants from three different families each week for 24 weeks. You find that the population of bacteria in the gut is dominated by one species for the first 12 weeks, and then shifts to another species. This suggests the gut bacterial community:

Most symbiotic interactions require a long-term association between the two species. Which of the following is not a symbiotic association?

Consider the following representation of the biomass of a forest community. This diagram also correlates with the trophic structure of the community. The size of the rectangle represents the relative biomass at each trophic level. Based on the representation below, what conclusion can be drawn about the transfer of energy between the organisms in each trophic level?

Overlap of niches can be minimized through:

The Arctic has been a key research area for the study of predator/prey dynamics in the community because:

In the example of the giant kelp forests on the Pacific coast, a rise in the otter population would have what effect on the kelp populations?

Competition can occur over resources such as space, mates, and nesting sites, not just over food.

The broadest level in a trophic pyramid is primarily composed of: