Exam 47: Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Following a disturbance, the process by which species replace each other over time is/are called:

Approximately _____% of the energy and biomass available at one trophic level is passed to the next.

When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the niche of the species that compete. The figure below shows an example of this. Resource partitioning results in:

In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California there are many populations of the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha. You notice that females of one population (populationA )It is random. You breed a member of population A with a member of population B. You raise the hybrid caterpillars on paper towels in the lab. You cross all the female hybrids with members of population A, and then you release the pregnant hybrid females back into the natural environment. All of the hybrid females lay their eggs at the center of the stems (not at the top or the bottom). What does this suggest about the trait of female egg placement on stems?

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, which interaction involves one individual neither gaining nor losing?

Aphids are small insects that suck sugars from the phloem of plants, at some cost to the plant. The ecological relationship between plants and aphids is:

When would a researcher be MOST likely to observe resource partitioning?

Some bacteria in the human intestine aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, while utilizing these nutrients themselves as well. This is an example of:

The broad base at the primary producer level in a trophic pyramid is due to all of the following EXCEPT the:

Which of the following BEST describes a species' niche?

Consider a species of fruit bat. Which of the following factors play a role in the distribution of these fruit bats?

You are MOST likely to observe succession in a terrestrial community where lichens were one of the first species to establish the area when you visit a(n):

Bacteria in our large intestine break down foodstuffs that would otherwise be expelled as feces. As they break down the food, vitamins are released and absorbed. This is an example of:

Organisms in an ecosystem are linked to their physical environment through the cycling of _____ and the transfer of _____.

Many plants have specialist pollinators. That is, the plant has evolved adaptations that only allow one type of pollinator access to nectar when pollinating. This is a result of:

A species' niche is determined only by its physical environment.

Severe physical impacts on a habitat are called:

The "realized niche" of Canada geese depends on which of the following?

Competition and predation are one-sided interactions called _____, in which at least one participant experiences a loss.

Some species of ant "farm" aphids by protecting them from predators. In return, the ants feed on a sugar-rich liquid (called honeydew) secreted by the aphids. The ecological relationship between the ants and the aphids is: