Question 1

In double-stranded DNA, the amount of A equals that of T and the amount of C equals that of G because:

Accepted Answer

A) the strands wind around one another. 
B) the strands have complementary sequences of bases. 
C) pyrimidines always pair with each other, as do purines. 
D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'. 
A) the strands wind around one another. 
B) the strands have complementary sequences of bases. 
C) pyrimidines always pair with each other, as do purines. 
D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Question 2

Why is it that the primary transcript in prokaryotes can immediately serve as mRNA while in eukaryotes it undergoes elaborate multistep processing?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary transcripts in eukaryotes contain introns that have to be removed. 
B) The sigma factor in eukaryotes is unable to enter the nucleus. 
C) A 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cap is added to the prokaryotic primary transcript allowing the ribosome to start translation immediately. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear envelope and the ribosome can start translation even before transcription ends. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Primary transcripts in eukaryotes contain introns that have to be removed. 
B) The sigma factor in eukaryotes is unable to enter the nucleus. 
C) A 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cap is added to the prokaryotic primary transcript allowing the ribosome to start translation immediately. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear envelope and the ribosome can start translation even before transcription ends. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 3

The strands in a DNA molecule are:

Accepted Answer

A) antiparallel. 
B) complementary. 
C) identical. 
D) perpendicular. 
E) covalently bonded to each other. 
A) antiparallel. 
B) complementary. 
C) identical. 
D) perpendicular. 
E) covalently bonded to each other.

Question 4

Which of the following forces contribute to the stability of a DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand 
B) hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands 
C) ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base 
D) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand and hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands 
E) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand, hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands, and ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base 
A) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand 
B) hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands 
C) ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base 
D) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand and hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands 
E) hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand, hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands, and ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base

Question 5

In prokaryotes, the messenger RNA consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A) primary RNA transcript. 
B) primary RNA transcript with cap added. 
C) primary RNA transcript with cap added and introns removed. 
D) primary RNA transcript with cap added, introns removed, and poly(
A) sequence added. 
A) primary RNA transcript. 
B) primary RNA transcript with cap added. 
C) primary RNA transcript with cap added and introns removed. 
D) primary RNA transcript with cap added, introns removed, and poly(
A) sequence added.

Question 6

RNA catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Where does the energy come from to add a uracil to the 3' end of a transcript?

Accepted Answer

A) the energy released by allowing the uracil to complementary base pair with an adjacent thymine 
B) the hydrolysis of a terminal phosphate from the incoming UTP molecule 
C) the cell's supply of ATP 
D) the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate from the incoming UTP molecule 
E) the hydrolysis of all three phosphate groups from the incoming UTP molecule 
A) the energy released by allowing the uracil to complementary base pair with an adjacent thymine 
B) the hydrolysis of a terminal phosphate from the incoming UTP molecule 
C) the cell's supply of ATP 
D) the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate from the incoming UTP molecule 
E) the hydrolysis of all three phosphate groups from the incoming UTP molecule

Question 8

In the experiments conducted by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod, which one of the following hypothetical results would indicate that protein, not nucleic acid, was Griffith's transforming principle?

Accepted Answer

A) None of the extracts from heat-killed cells is able to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
B) All of the extracts from heat-killed cells are able to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
C) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with RNase are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
D) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with DNase are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
E) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with protease are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
A) None of the extracts from heat-killed cells is able to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
B) All of the extracts from heat-killed cells are able to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
C) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with RNase are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
D) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with DNase are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria. 
E) Only the extracts from heat-killed cells treated with protease are unable to transform nonvirulent bacteria.

Question 9

RNA processing occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) plasma membrane. 
D) nucleus and cytoplasm. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) plasma membrane. 
D) nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 10

Which of the following types of post-transcriptional modification is common in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) polyadenylation 
B) intron removal 
C) 5' cap addition 
D) polyadenylation and intron removal 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) polyadenylation 
B) intron removal 
C) 5' cap addition 
D) polyadenylation and intron removal 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

DNA is often described as having a shape like a spiral staircase. What parts of the DNA molecule are represented by the railings and by the steps?

Accepted Answer

Each railing represe

Question 12

One function of the spliceosome is to:

Accepted Answer

A) recognize the 5' end of the primary transcript. 
B) recognize the 3' end of the primary transcript. 
C) recognize the beginning and end of the introns. 
D) recognize the beginning and end of the exons. 
A) recognize the 5' end of the primary transcript. 
B) recognize the 3' end of the primary transcript. 
C) recognize the beginning and end of the introns. 
D) recognize the beginning and end of the exons.

Question 13

Transcription is sometimes described as a process in which RNA is "copied" from the template strand of DNA. This statement is potentially misleading because:

Accepted Answer

A) RNA nucleotides contain ribose and so cannot be an exact copy of DNA. 
B) the RNA transcript and the DNA template strand are antiparallel. 
C) the RNA transcript has a complementary sequence of bases to the template strand. 
D) RNA molecules contain uracil instead of thymine 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) RNA nucleotides contain ribose and so cannot be an exact copy of DNA. 
B) the RNA transcript and the DNA template strand are antiparallel. 
C) the RNA transcript has a complementary sequence of bases to the template strand. 
D) RNA molecules contain uracil instead of thymine 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Nucleic acid or protein sequences that are very similar from one organism to another are called:

Accepted Answer

A) conserved. 
B) complementary. 
C) antiparallel. 
D) coding sequences. 
A) conserved. 
B) complementary. 
C) antiparallel. 
D) coding sequences.

Question 15

In a messenger RNA, the cap is present at the:

Accepted Answer

A) 5' end. 
B) 3' end. 
C) 5' end of the poly(
A) sequence. 
D) 3' end of the poly(
A) sequence. 
A) 5' end. 
B) 3' end. 
C) 5' end of the poly(
A) sequence. 
D) 3' end of the poly(
A) sequence.

Question 16

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists the components necessary for eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides 
B) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides 
C) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides 
D) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides 
A) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides 
B) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides 
C) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides 
D) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides

Question 17

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Adenine pairs with thymine in both DNA and RNA. 
B) Adenine pairs with uracil in DNA and with thymine in RNA. 
C) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA. 
D) Adenine pairs with cytosine in DNA and with guanine in RNA. 
E) Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA and with cytosine in RNA. 
A) Adenine pairs with thymine in both DNA and RNA. 
B) Adenine pairs with uracil in DNA and with thymine in RNA. 
C) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA. 
D) Adenine pairs with cytosine in DNA and with guanine in RNA. 
E) Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA and with cytosine in RNA.

Question 18

Transcription of RNA from DNA in eukaryotes requires:

Accepted Answer

A) transcription factors. 
B) activator proteins. 
C) a promoter sequence. 
D) RNA polymerase. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) transcription factors. 
B) activator proteins. 
C) a promoter sequence. 
D) RNA polymerase. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine 
B) 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine 
C) 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine 
D) 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine 
A) 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine 
B) 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine 
C) 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine 
D) 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine

Question 20

An exon is:

Accepted Answer

A) a protein that is clipped out post-translationally. 
B) RNA that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule and remains inside the nucleus. 
C) part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus. 
D) a transfer RNA that binds to the codon. 
E) a series of amino acids at the end of a new polypeptide that directs transcription to the ER. 
A) a protein that is clipped out post-translationally. 
B) RNA that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule and remains inside the nucleus. 
C) part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus. 
D) a transfer RNA that binds to the codon. 
E) a series of amino acids at the end of a new polypeptide that directs transcription to the ER.

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

In double-stranded DNA, the amount of A equals that of T and the amount of C equals that of G because:

Why is it that the primary transcript in prokaryotes can immediately serve as mRNA while in eukaryotes it undergoes elaborate multistep processing?

The strands in a DNA molecule are:

Which of the following forces contribute to the stability of a DNA double helix?

In prokaryotes, the messenger RNA consists of the:

RNA catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.

Where does the energy come from to add a uracil to the 3' end of a transcript?

In the experiments conducted by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod, which one of the following hypothetical results would indicate that protein, not nucleic acid, was Griffith's transforming principle?

RNA processing occurs in the:

Which of the following types of post-transcriptional modification is common in eukaryotes?

DNA is often described as having a shape like a spiral staircase. What parts of the DNA molecule are represented by the railings and by the steps?

One function of the spliceosome is to:

Transcription is sometimes described as a process in which RNA is "copied" from the template strand of DNA. This statement is potentially misleading because:

Nucleic acid or protein sequences that are very similar from one organism to another are called:

In a messenger RNA, the cap is present at the:

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists the components necessary for eukaryotic transcription?

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in both DNA and RNA?

Transcription of RNA from DNA in eukaryotes requires:

In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?

An exon is:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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