Question 1

Would a double-stranded DNA molecule carry more information than a single-stranded RNA molecule of the same length? Why?

Accepted Answer

Both could carry the same amount of info

Question 2

Transcription continues until:

Accepted Answer

A) all bases in the DNA are copied. 
B) a stop codon is encountered. 
C) a terminator sequence is encountered. 
D) a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA. 
E) a transcription factor signals the end of the gene. 
A) all bases in the DNA are copied. 
B) a stop codon is encountered. 
C) a terminator sequence is encountered. 
D) a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA. 
E) a transcription factor signals the end of the gene.

Question 3

If protease treatment in Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment prevented the transformation of bacteria, what would have been the conclusion of these researchers?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA is the genetic/hereditary material. 
B) DNA is the genetic/hereditary material. 
C) Protein is the genetic/hereditary material. 
D) Protein and RNA are the genetic/hereditary materials. 
E) Protein and DNA are the genetic/hereditary materials. 
A) RNA is the genetic/hereditary material. 
B) DNA is the genetic/hereditary material. 
C) Protein is the genetic/hereditary material. 
D) Protein and RNA are the genetic/hereditary materials. 
E) Protein and DNA are the genetic/hereditary materials.

Question 4

The experiment of replicating RNA, introducing random mutations, and repeating the process on a small subset of products able to carry out a specific chemical reaction mimics the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication. 
B) transcription. 
C) translation. 
D) natural selection. 
A) DNA replication. 
B) transcription. 
C) translation. 
D) natural selection.

Question 5

Occasionally, a double-stranded DNA molecule contains a uracil base (U) instead of T. If a U were present in the template strand of DNA, what base do you think would be incorporated into the RNA transcript at that position?

Accepted Answer

A) U 
B) C 
C) T 
D) A 
E) G 
A) U 
B) C 
C) T 
D) A 
E) G

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding primary transcripts?

Accepted Answer

A) In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, primary transcripts are synonymous with mRNA. 
B) In eukaryotes, a primary transcript can be transcribed and translated at the same time. 
C) In prokaryotes, primary transcripts undergo polyadenylation and alternative splicing. 
D) In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, primary transcripts are polycistronic. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, primary transcripts are synonymous with mRNA. 
B) In eukaryotes, a primary transcript can be transcribed and translated at the same time. 
C) In prokaryotes, primary transcripts undergo polyadenylation and alternative splicing. 
D) In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, primary transcripts are polycistronic. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 7

RNA makes up the genome of many different viruses, and it was probably the first information molecule in evolutionary history. Yet, cells use DNA as the primary molecule for the storage of genetic information. What features of DNA make it a more suitable informational archive than RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The -H group on the 2F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon of deoxyribose is less reactive than the -OH on the same carbon of ribose. 
B) Only DNA is capable of binding to proteins. 
C) Double-stranded DNA facilitates rapid and accurate replication of the information. 
D) DNA has stronger phosphodiester bonds than RNA does. 
E) DNA is converted to RNA by a spontaneous hydrolysis reaction. 
A) The -H group on the 2F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 carbon of deoxyribose is less reactive than the -OH on the same carbon of ribose. 
B) Only DNA is capable of binding to proteins. 
C) Double-stranded DNA facilitates rapid and accurate replication of the information. 
D) DNA has stronger phosphodiester bonds than RNA does. 
E) DNA is converted to RNA by a spontaneous hydrolysis reaction.

Question 8

In prokaryotes, newly synthesized proteins are found in the _____ and DNA are observed in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) nucleus; nucleus also 
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm also 
E) nucleus; nucleus also and the cytoplasm 
A) cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) nucleus; nucleus also 
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm also 
E) nucleus; nucleus also and the cytoplasm

Question 9

In the sequence AGGCCT, an available phosphate group would be found at the 5' end of the nucleotide labeled "T."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In E. coli the molecule(s) responsible for promoter recognition is/are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) the sigma factor. 
B) the TATA box. 
C) the mediator complex. 
D) an enhancer. 
E) transcription factors. 
A) the sigma factor. 
B) the TATA box. 
C) the mediator complex. 
D) an enhancer. 
E) transcription factors.

Question 11

DNA is often described as having a shape like a spiral staircase. Which of the spiral staircases in the photos below is the better analogous representation of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
A) A 
B) B

Question 12

Which one of the following is NOT a way in which RNA differs from DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA has uracil as one of its bases and DNA has thymine. 
B) RNAs are typically single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded. 
C) RNA nucleotides can have only a single phosphate group and DNA nucleotides have one, two, or three phosphate groups. 
D) RNA molecules are usually much shorter than DNA molecules. 
E) The sugar component of RNA nucleotides is ribose and the sugar component of DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose. 
A) RNA has uracil as one of its bases and DNA has thymine. 
B) RNAs are typically single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded. 
C) RNA nucleotides can have only a single phosphate group and DNA nucleotides have one, two, or three phosphate groups. 
D) RNA molecules are usually much shorter than DNA molecules. 
E) The sugar component of RNA nucleotides is ribose and the sugar component of DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose.

Question 13

What is an exon?

Accepted Answer

An exon is part of a

Question 14

Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) Because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, it cannot hold genetic information. 
B) RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone. 
C) The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing. 
D) There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the information needed by the cell. 
E) The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division. 
A) Because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, it cannot hold genetic information. 
B) RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone. 
C) The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing. 
D) There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the information needed by the cell. 
E) The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division.

Question 15

A single unit of heredity that contains the information for an individual protein is referred to as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single unit of heredity that contains...

Question 16

A transcribed region of DNA has a 5' to 3' sequence TTCATGGCGAC. The 5' to 3' sequence of an RNA transcribed from this DNA would be 5'-_____-3'.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A transcribed region of DNA has a...

Question 17

Which one of the following statements about RNA is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA is a more stable molecule than DNA. 
B) RNA has the same 5-carbon sugars as DNA. 
C) RNA uses the same pyrimidine bases as DNA. 
D) RNA uses the same purine bases as DNA. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) RNA is a more stable molecule than DNA. 
B) RNA has the same 5-carbon sugars as DNA. 
C) RNA uses the same pyrimidine bases as DNA. 
D) RNA uses the same purine bases as DNA. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 18

What steps are necessary for eukaryotic transcription to begin?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcriptional activator proteins bind to enhancers. 
B) General transcription factors bind to the promoter. 
C) General transcription factors and sigma factor bind to the promoter. 
D) DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcription factors, sigma factor and RNA Pol II together. 
E) DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcription factors, mediator complex and RNA Pol II together. 
A) Transcriptional activator proteins bind to enhancers. 
B) General transcription factors bind to the promoter. 
C) General transcription factors and sigma factor bind to the promoter. 
D) DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcription factors, sigma factor and RNA Pol II together. 
E) DNA looping brings transcriptional activator proteins, general transcription factors, mediator complex and RNA Pol II together.

Question 19

RNA splicing is a component of:

Accepted Answer

A) RNA replication. 
B) RNA transcription. 
C) RNA processing. 
D) RNA translation. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) RNA replication. 
B) RNA transcription. 
C) RNA processing. 
D) RNA translation. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 20

In the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3', the phosphodiester linkage between the guanine and the adenine connects:

Accepted Answer

A) the 3' end of the guanine to the 5' end of the adenine. 
B) the 2' end of the adenine to the 3' end of the guanine. 
C) the 5' end of the guanine to the 1' end of the adenine. 
D) the 3' end of the adenine to the 5' end of the guanine. 
E) the 5' end of the guanine to the 2' end of the adenine. 
A) the 3' end of the guanine to the 5' end of the adenine. 
B) the 2' end of the adenine to the 3' end of the guanine. 
C) the 5' end of the guanine to the 1' end of the adenine. 
D) the 3' end of the adenine to the 5' end of the guanine. 
E) the 5' end of the guanine to the 2' end of the adenine.

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Would a double-stranded DNA molecule carry more information than a single-stranded RNA molecule of the same length? Why?

Transcription continues until:

If protease treatment in Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment prevented the transformation of bacteria, what would have been the conclusion of these researchers?

The experiment of replicating RNA, introducing random mutations, and repeating the process on a small subset of products able to carry out a specific chemical reaction mimics the process of:

Occasionally, a double-stranded DNA molecule contains a uracil base (U) instead of T. If a U were present in the template strand of DNA, what base do you think would be incorporated into the RNA transcript at that position?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding primary transcripts?

RNA makes up the genome of many different viruses, and it was probably the first information molecule in evolutionary history. Yet, cells use DNA as the primary molecule for the storage of genetic information. What features of DNA make it a more suitable informational archive than RNA?

In prokaryotes, newly synthesized proteins are found in the _____ and DNA are observed in the _____.

In the sequence AGGCCT, an available phosphate group would be found at the 5' end of the nucleotide labeled "T."

In E. coli the molecule(s) responsible for promoter recognition is/are referred to as:

DNA is often described as having a shape like a spiral staircase. Which of the spiral staircases in the photos below is the better analogous representation of a DNA molecule?

Which one of the following is NOT a way in which RNA differs from DNA?

What is an exon?

Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?

A single unit of heredity that contains the information for an individual protein is referred to as a(n) _____.

A transcribed region of DNA has a 5' to 3' sequence TTCATGGCGAC. The 5' to 3' sequence of an RNA transcribed from this DNA would be 5'-_____-3'.

Which one of the following statements about RNA is CORRECT?

What steps are necessary for eukaryotic transcription to begin?

RNA splicing is a component of:

In the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3', the phosphodiester linkage between the guanine and the adenine connects:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

In prokaryotes, newly synthesized proteins are found in the _ and DNA are observed in the _.