Question 1

A five-carbon sugar connected to a purine or pyrimidine ring is MOST accurately referred to as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A five-carbon sugar connected to a purine...

Question 2

Give the CORRECT complementary base pairs found in DNA and in RNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

DNA: C with G and A

Question 3

An RNA transcript is synthesized in which direction?

Accepted Answer

A) N terminus to C terminus 
B) C terminus to N terminus 
C) 5' to 3' 
D) 5' to 5' 
E) 3' to 5' 
A) N terminus to C terminus 
B) C terminus to N terminus 
C) 5' to 3' 
D) 5' to 5' 
E) 3' to 5'

Question 4

In the process of transcription, the RNA transcript is synthesized:

Accepted Answer

A) from the 3' end to the 5' end. 
B) from the 5' end to the 3' end. 
A) from the 3' end to the 5' end. 
B) from the 5' end to the 3' end.

Question 5

Chromatin is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A) histones and DNA. 
B) histones, DNA and RNA. 
C) histones, DNA, and acidic proteins. 
D) histones and DNA surrounded by a membrane. 
A) histones and DNA. 
B) histones, DNA and RNA. 
C) histones, DNA, and acidic proteins. 
D) histones and DNA surrounded by a membrane.

Question 6

In a DNA strand, successive nucleotides are linked by:

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds 
B) base stacking 
C) 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds 
D) 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds 
E) peptide bonds 
A) hydrogen bonds 
B) base stacking 
C) 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds 
D) 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds 
E) peptide bonds

Question 7

Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The bases are not fully assembled. 
B) The sugar is not in the right form. 
C) There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds. 
D) The peptide bonds don't form. 
A) The bases are not fully assembled. 
B) The sugar is not in the right form. 
C) There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds. 
D) The peptide bonds don't form.

Question 8

What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis 
B) DNA replication, transcription, translation 
C) Transcription, DNA replication, translation 
D) DNA replication, translation, transcription 
A) DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis 
B) DNA replication, transcription, translation 
C) Transcription, DNA replication, translation 
D) DNA replication, translation, transcription

Question 9

A type of noncoding RNA called small interfering RNA or siRNA:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits RNA processing. 
C) destroys RNA transcripts. 
D) inhibits translation. 
E) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits RNA processing. 
C) destroys RNA transcripts. 
D) inhibits translation. 
E) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for:

Accepted Answer

A) transmission of information. 
B) storage of information. 
C) biological catalysis. 
D) energy storage. 
E) cell-to-cell communication. 
A) transmission of information. 
B) storage of information. 
C) biological catalysis. 
D) energy storage. 
E) cell-to-cell communication.

Question 11

If the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty transformation experiment was carried out in an RNA world, the transforming activity would be destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A) DNase. 
B) RNase. 
C) protease. 
D) lipase. 
A) DNase. 
B) RNase. 
C) protease. 
D) lipase.

Question 12

Transcriptional activator proteins bind to a specific DNA sequence referred to as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transcriptional activator proteins bind to a specific...

Question 13

Whichever DNA strand is transcribed, the RNA polymerase reads the template strand from 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 to 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The idea that, when life originated on Earth, a macromolecule other than DNA served the role of information storage and that this same macromolecule carried out catalysis is called the _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) water world 
B) carbon world 
C) macromolecular world 
D) RNA world 
A) water world 
B) carbon world 
C) macromolecular world 
D) RNA world

Question 15

In a messenger RNA, the cap is needed to:

Accepted Answer

A) initiate replication. 
B) initiate transcription. 
C) initiate translation. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) initiate replication. 
B) initiate transcription. 
C) initiate translation. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

Which one of the following activities would LEAST likely be found in a topoisomerase?

Accepted Answer

A) cutting a phosphodiester linkage 
B) inducing or relaxing twists in double-stranded DNA 
C) adding nucleotides to the end of a DNA strand 
D) reforming phosphodiester linkages 
E) Topoisomerases are equally likely to perform all of these functions. 
A) cutting a phosphodiester linkage 
B) inducing or relaxing twists in double-stranded DNA 
C) adding nucleotides to the end of a DNA strand 
D) reforming phosphodiester linkages 
E) Topoisomerases are equally likely to perform all of these functions.

Question 17

In eukaryotes, activator proteins bind to _____; generalized transcription factors bind to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) promoters; terminators 
B) DNA polymerases; RNA polymerases 
C) promoters; enhancers 
D) terminators; RNA polymerases 
E) enhancers; promoters 
A) promoters; terminators 
B) DNA polymerases; RNA polymerases 
C) promoters; enhancers 
D) terminators; RNA polymerases 
E) enhancers; promoters

Question 18

In order to evaluate gene expression, a researcher needs to determine if a protein is produced from her gene of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An exon is considered a "coding sequence" of DNA, and its information is retained in the processed mRNA within a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In eukaryotes, newly synthesized proteins encoded in genes in the nucleus are found in the _____ and DNA are observed in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) nucleus; nucleus also 
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm also 
E) nucleus; nucleus also or the cytoplasm 
A) cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) nucleus; nucleus also 
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm also 
E) nucleus; nucleus also or the cytoplasm

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

A five-carbon sugar connected to a purine or pyrimidine ring is MOST accurately referred to as a(n) _____.

Give the CORRECT complementary base pairs found in DNA and in RNA molecules.

An RNA transcript is synthesized in which direction?

In the process of transcription, the RNA transcript is synthesized:

Chromatin is composed of:

In a DNA strand, successive nucleotides are linked by:

Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?

What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?

A type of noncoding RNA called small interfering RNA or siRNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for:

If the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty transformation experiment was carried out in an RNA world, the transforming activity would be destroyed by:

Transcriptional activator proteins bind to a specific DNA sequence referred to as a(n) _____.

Whichever DNA strand is transcribed, the RNA polymerase reads the template strand from 3 to 5.

The idea that, when life originated on Earth, a macromolecule other than DNA served the role of information storage and that this same macromolecule carried out catalysis is called the _____ hypothesis.

In a messenger RNA, the cap is needed to:

Which one of the following activities would LEAST likely be found in a topoisomerase?

In eukaryotes, activator proteins bind to _____; generalized transcription factors bind to _____.

In order to evaluate gene expression, a researcher needs to determine if a protein is produced from her gene of interest.

An exon is considered a "coding sequence" of DNA, and its information is retained in the processed mRNA within a cell.

In eukaryotes, newly synthesized proteins encoded in genes in the nucleus are found in the _____ and DNA are observed in the _____.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

In eukaryotes, activator proteins bind to _; generalized transcription factors bind to _.

In eukaryotes, newly synthesized proteins encoded in genes in the nucleus are found in the _ and DNA are observed in the _.