Question 1

In a nucleotide, the phosphate is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar, and the base is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar.

Accepted Answer

A) 1'; 5' 
B) 2'; 3' 
C) 3'; 5' 
D) 5'; 1' 
E) 5'; 3' 
A) 1'; 5' 
B) 2'; 3' 
C) 3'; 5' 
D) 5'; 1' 
E) 5'; 3'

Question 2

Which type of protein does DNA wrap around so that it can be packaged in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) histones 
B) topoisomerase 
C) ribosomal proteins 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) spliceosome proteins 
A) histones 
B) topoisomerase 
C) ribosomal proteins 
D) DNA polymerase 
E) spliceosome proteins

Question 3

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is referred to as the _____ of molecular biology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The flow of information from DNA to...

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA is/are CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA typically exists in cells as a double helix. 
B) There are 10 base pairs per turn in a helical DNA molecule. 
C) Adenine is complementary to cytosine. 
D) The strands in DNA wrap around each other in a helix that coils to the right. 
E) Successive nucleotides are attached by peptide bonds. 
A) DNA typically exists in cells as a double helix. 
B) There are 10 base pairs per turn in a helical DNA molecule. 
C) Adenine is complementary to cytosine. 
D) The strands in DNA wrap around each other in a helix that coils to the right. 
E) Successive nucleotides are attached by peptide bonds.

Question 5

A protein-coding primary transcript contains 3 exons that may be alternatively spliced in such a way that the processed messenger RNA may contain any 1, any 2, or all 3 exons. How many alternatively processed transcripts are possible?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A protein-coding primary transcript contains 3 exons...

Question 6

Arrange the steps in RNA splicing in order from earliest to latest. 1 - exon ends are covalently joined together
2 - components of the spliceosome bind conserved regions in the intron and bring them together in close proximity
3 - acceptor splice site is cut.
4 - donor splice site is cut and the end of the intron is joined covalently to the branch site

Accepted Answer

A) 3, 4, 1, 2 
B) 2, 4, 3, 1 
C) 2, 3, 1, 4 
D) 3, 2, 4, 1 
E) 3, 1, 2, 4 
A) 3, 4, 1, 2 
B) 2, 4, 3, 1 
C) 2, 3, 1, 4 
D) 3, 2, 4, 1 
E) 3, 1, 2, 4

Question 7

The production of an RNA molecule using DNA as a template is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The production of an RNA molecule using...

Question 8

In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

16% thymid

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) a five-carbon sugar 
B) one or more phosphate groups 
C) a nitrogen-containing base 
D) a carboxyl group 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) a five-carbon sugar 
B) one or more phosphate groups 
C) a nitrogen-containing base 
D) a carboxyl group 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Many promoters of a hypothetical conserved gene have mostly adenines and thymines. What is the MOST likely reason for this high proportion of adenines and thymines?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerases are better at incorporating uracils and thymines into RNA molecules than incorporating guanines and cytosines. 
B) This is the region for separating template and nontemplate strands, and A-T base pairs are easier to separate than G-C base pairs. 
C) Accessory proteins like sigma factors or transcription factors bind more easily to AT-rich sequences than they do to GC-rich sequences. 
D) It is possible to create more unique sequences for recognition with adenines and thymines than it is with guanines and cytosines. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) RNA polymerases are better at incorporating uracils and thymines into RNA molecules than incorporating guanines and cytosines. 
B) This is the region for separating template and nontemplate strands, and A-T base pairs are easier to separate than G-C base pairs. 
C) Accessory proteins like sigma factors or transcription factors bind more easily to AT-rich sequences than they do to GC-rich sequences. 
D) It is possible to create more unique sequences for recognition with adenines and thymines than it is with guanines and cytosines. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 11

A template DNA strand contains the sequence 5'-ATGCTGAC-3'. The corresponding sequence in the RNA transcript is:

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-TACGACTG-3'. 
B) 5'-GTCAGCAT-3'. 
C) 5'-UACGACUG-3'. 
D) 5'-GUCAGCAU-3'. 
A) 5'-TACGACTG-3'. 
B) 5'-GTCAGCAT-3'. 
C) 5'-UACGACUG-3'. 
D) 5'-GUCAGCAU-3'.

Question 12

The strands in a double helix of DNA are:

Accepted Answer

A) antiparallel. 
B) complementary. 
C) held together via hydrogen bonds. 
D) wound around each other with 10 base pairs per turn. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) antiparallel. 
B) complementary. 
C) held together via hydrogen bonds. 
D) wound around each other with 10 base pairs per turn. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 13

Consider Griffith's experiment: If he observed healthy mice after injecting these animals with dead virulent and live nonvirulent bacteria, what could he have concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetic information cannot be transferred between mice. 
B) Genetic information cannot be transferred between bacteria. 
C) Genetic information is transferrable. 
D) The RNA of the bacteria used in this experiment was degraded. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) Genetic information cannot be transferred between mice. 
B) Genetic information cannot be transferred between bacteria. 
C) Genetic information is transferrable. 
D) The RNA of the bacteria used in this experiment was degraded. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 14

If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the RNA level?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing, the RNA would be made as usual. 
B) The mutation of the DNA would be carried through to the RNA sequence. 
C) The RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so no RNA would be made. 
D) The DNA helicase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so the RNA would not be made. 
A) Nothing, the RNA would be made as usual. 
B) The mutation of the DNA would be carried through to the RNA sequence. 
C) The RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so no RNA would be made. 
D) The DNA helicase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so the RNA would not be made.

Question 15

If a DNA molecule is visualized as a wood screw from a hardware store, the threads in the screw would be spaced identical distances from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a cytosine. Why is this interaction unstable?

Accepted Answer

A) Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other. 
B) Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two. 
C) Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong positions. 
D) Because the charges on the bases repel one another. 
A) Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other. 
B) Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two. 
C) Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong positions. 
D) Because the charges on the bases repel one another.

Question 17

Select the answer option that arranges the following in order from smallest to largest.

Accepted Answer

A) genome, gene, nucleotide, nucleoside 
B) gene, nucleotide, genome, nucleoside 
C) nucleoside, nucleotide, gene, genome 
D) nucleotide, nucleoside, gene, genome 
E) nucleoside, nucleotide, genome, gene 
A) genome, gene, nucleotide, nucleoside 
B) gene, nucleotide, genome, nucleoside 
C) nucleoside, nucleotide, gene, genome 
D) nucleotide, nucleoside, gene, genome 
E) nucleoside, nucleotide, genome, gene

Question 18

A type of noncoding RNA called microRNA:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits RNA processing. 
C) destroys RNA transcripts. 
D) inhibits translation. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits RNA processing. 
C) destroys RNA transcripts. 
D) inhibits translation. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 19

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains 4% of the dinucleotide 5' -AG-3'. What other dinucleotide also has an abundance of 4%?

Accepted Answer

The comple

Question 20

All introns have identical lengths and sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

In a nucleotide, the phosphate is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar, and the base is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar.

Which type of protein does DNA wrap around so that it can be packaged in a cell?

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is referred to as the _____ of molecular biology.

Which of the following statements about DNA is/are CORRECT?

A protein-coding primary transcript contains 3 exons that may be alternatively spliced in such a way that the processed messenger RNA may contain any 1, any 2, or all 3 exons. How many alternatively processed transcripts are possible?

The production of an RNA molecule using DNA as a template is referred to as _____.

In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Many promoters of a hypothetical conserved gene have mostly adenines and thymines. What is the MOST likely reason for this high proportion of adenines and thymines?

A template DNA strand contains the sequence 5'-ATGCTGAC-3'. The corresponding sequence in the RNA transcript is:

The strands in a double helix of DNA are:

Consider Griffith's experiment: If he observed healthy mice after injecting these animals with dead virulent and live nonvirulent bacteria, what could he have concluded?

If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the RNA level?

If a DNA molecule is visualized as a wood screw from a hardware store, the threads in the screw would be spaced identical distances from each other.

Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a cytosine. Why is this interaction unstable?

Select the answer option that arranges the following in order from smallest to largest.

A type of noncoding RNA called microRNA:

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains 4% of the dinucleotide 5' -AG-3'. What other dinucleotide also has an abundance of 4%?

All introns have identical lengths and sequences.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

In a nucleotide, the phosphate is attached to the _ carbon of the sugar, and the base is attached to the _ carbon of the sugar.