Question 1

A lariat is composed of introns and does not contain any exon sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In eukaryotes, where do general transcription initiation factors bind?

Accepted Answer

A) 5' UTR 
B) promoter 
C) donor splice site 
D) near the start codon 
E) 5' cap 
A) 5' UTR 
B) promoter 
C) donor splice site 
D) near the start codon 
E) 5' cap

Question 3

MC Alternative splicing means that:

Accepted Answer

A) alternating introns are removed. 
B) some transcripts are spliced while others are not. 
C) some transcripts are spliced correctly and others incorrectly. 
D) different spliced forms contain different combinations of exons. 
A) alternating introns are removed. 
B) some transcripts are spliced while others are not. 
C) some transcripts are spliced correctly and others incorrectly. 
D) different spliced forms contain different combinations of exons.

Question 4

What features of DNA make it a more suitable informational archive than RNA?

Accepted Answer

The -H on the 2F1F1F1S1F1F1F1

Question 5

RNA processing consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A) addition of a cap. 
B) removal of introns. 
C) addition of a poly(
A) sequence. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) addition of a cap. 
B) removal of introns. 
C) addition of a poly(
A) sequence. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

If the first nucleotide after the promoter on the top DNA strand is changed from G to T, what would the resulting nucleotide be on the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) T 
D) G 
A) A 
B) C 
C) T 
D) G

Question 7

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because:

Accepted Answer

A) they wind around one another. 
B) each purine of one strand pairs with a pyrimidine of another. 
C) they form an uneven pair of grooves on the outside of molecule. 
D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'. 
A) they wind around one another. 
B) each purine of one strand pairs with a pyrimidine of another. 
C) they form an uneven pair of grooves on the outside of molecule. 
D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about RNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA is not as stable as DNA. 
B) RNA contains uracil. 
C) RNA is typically single-stranded. 
D) RNA can be produced via transcription. 
E) RNA contains equal proportions of G and C nucleotides. 
A) RNA is not as stable as DNA. 
B) RNA contains uracil. 
C) RNA is typically single-stranded. 
D) RNA can be produced via transcription. 
E) RNA contains equal proportions of G and C nucleotides.

Question 9

Noncoding RNAs include:

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomal RNA. 
B) transfer RNA. 
C) small nuclear RNA. 
D) messenger RNA. 
A) ribosomal RNA. 
B) transfer RNA. 
C) small nuclear RNA. 
D) messenger RNA.

Question 10

Many mutations are detrimental to organisms that acquire them, but other mutations are beneficial and allow evolution of that species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In order to test the effects of a new drug, you isolate the messenger RNA molecules from both treated and untreated eukaryotic cells and separate them according to size using gel electrophoresis. In each lane of the gel, the shorter RNA molecules migrate more quickly through the gel and end up near the bottom of the gel while the longer RNAs migrate more slowly and remain near the top.   The samples that were loaded into each of the four lanes are as follows: Lane 1: the primary RNA transcripts isolated from the nucleus of untreated cells
Lane 2: the primary RNA transcripts isolated from the nucleus of cells treated with the drug being tested
Lane 3: RNA isolated from the cytosol of untreated cells
Lane 4: RNA isolated from the cytosol of cells treated with the drug being tested
Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) These results suggest that the drug inhibits post-translational processing of this gene. 
B) These results suggest that the drug contains a protease that targets this gene product. 
C) These results suggest that the drug digests DNA. 
D) These results suggest that the drug affects RNA processing. 
E) These results suggest that the drug inhibits DNA replication. 
A) These results suggest that the drug inhibits post-translational processing of this gene. 
B) These results suggest that the drug contains a protease that targets this gene product. 
C) These results suggest that the drug digests DNA. 
D) These results suggest that the drug affects RNA processing. 
E) These results suggest that the drug inhibits DNA replication.

Question 12

A deoxyribose linked to a thymine is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide. 
B) nucleoside. 
C) purine nucleotide. 
D) purine nucleoside. 
E) nucleotide or purine nucleotide. 
A) nucleotide. 
B) nucleoside. 
C) purine nucleotide. 
D) purine nucleoside. 
E) nucleotide or purine nucleotide.

Question 13

The same strand in a DNA double helix is used as the template strand for transcription of every gene in a given chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When a mixture of debris from killed virulent bacteria and live nonvirulent bacteria are injected into mice:

Accepted Answer

A) the mice are killed because the virulent bacteria are revived. 
B) the mice survive because none of the living bacteria are virulent. 
C) the mice survive for a period of a few weeks and then die from an unrelated illness. 
D) half the mice are killed and the other half survive. 
E) the mice are killed because the nonvirulent bacteria are transformed into virulent bacteria. 
A) the mice are killed because the virulent bacteria are revived. 
B) the mice survive because none of the living bacteria are virulent. 
C) the mice survive for a period of a few weeks and then die from an unrelated illness. 
D) half the mice are killed and the other half survive. 
E) the mice are killed because the nonvirulent bacteria are transformed into virulent bacteria.

Question 15

The hydrophobicity of the planar nitrogenous ring structures of a nucleotide, leading to the exclusion of water and stability of DNA, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) Watson-Crick base pairing. 
B) supercoiling. 
C) base-stacking interactions. 
D) complementarity. 
E) polarity. 
A) Watson-Crick base pairing. 
B) supercoiling. 
C) base-stacking interactions. 
D) complementarity. 
E) polarity.

Question 16

Scientists can determine the size of DNA fragments through a process known as gel electrophoresis. In this process, DNA is loaded into a gel submerged in a liquid solution through which an electric current is run. Large DNA molecules move slower and can be observed at the top of the gel, whereas smaller DNA fragments move faster and are seen at the bottom of the gel. Based on what you know about the properties of DNA, how is the electric current arranged in this process?

Accepted Answer

A) Since DNA is negatively charged, the negative end is placed at the top of the gel, and the positive end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
B) Since DNA is negatively charged, the positive end is placed at the top of the gel, and the negative end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
C) Since DNA is positively charged, the negative end is placed at the top of the gel, and the positive end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
D) Since DNA is positively charged, the positive end is placed at the top of the gel, and the negative end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
E) Since DNA is uncharged, the placement of the positive end and negative end does not matter. 
A) Since DNA is negatively charged, the negative end is placed at the top of the gel, and the positive end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
B) Since DNA is negatively charged, the positive end is placed at the top of the gel, and the negative end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
C) Since DNA is positively charged, the negative end is placed at the top of the gel, and the positive end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
D) Since DNA is positively charged, the positive end is placed at the top of the gel, and the negative end is placed at the bottom of the gel. 
E) Since DNA is uncharged, the placement of the positive end and negative end does not matter.

Question 17

In eukaryotes, the messenger RNA consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A) primary RNA transcript. 
B) primary RNA transcript with cap added. 
C) primary RNA transcript with cap added and introns removed. 
D) primary RNA transcript with cap added, introns removed, and poly(
A) sequence added. 
A) primary RNA transcript. 
B) primary RNA transcript with cap added. 
C) primary RNA transcript with cap added and introns removed. 
D) primary RNA transcript with cap added, introns removed, and poly(
A) sequence added.

Question 18

Which one of the following represents a standard Watson-Crick base pair interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) G-T 
B) C-A 
C) G-C 
D) A-G 
E) T-C 
A) G-T 
B) C-A 
C) G-C 
D) A-G 
E) T-C

Question 19

What is the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. 
B) RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into protein. 
C) DNA is transcribed into protein, which is translated into RNA. 
D) RNA is transcribed into protein, which is translated into DNA. 
A) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. 
B) RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into protein. 
C) DNA is transcribed into protein, which is translated into RNA. 
D) RNA is transcribed into protein, which is translated into DNA.

Question 20

RNA catalysis means that RNA can:

Accepted Answer

A) function as an information-storage molecule. 
B) function as a signaling molecule. 
C) form membrane-like structures. 
D) function like an enzyme. 
A) function as an information-storage molecule. 
B) function as a signaling molecule. 
C) form membrane-like structures. 
D) function like an enzyme.

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

A lariat is composed of introns and does not contain any exon sequences.

In eukaryotes, where do general transcription initiation factors bind?

MC Alternative splicing means that:

What features of DNA make it a more suitable informational archive than RNA?

RNA processing consists of the:

If the first nucleotide after the promoter on the top DNA strand is changed from G to T, what would the resulting nucleotide be on the mRNA?

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because:

Which of the following statements about RNA is FALSE?

Noncoding RNAs include:

Many mutations are detrimental to organisms that acquire them, but other mutations are beneficial and allow evolution of that species.

A deoxyribose linked to a thymine is referred to as a:

The same strand in a DNA double helix is used as the template strand for transcription of every gene in a given chromosome.

When a mixture of debris from killed virulent bacteria and live nonvirulent bacteria are injected into mice:

The hydrophobicity of the planar nitrogenous ring structures of a nucleotide, leading to the exclusion of water and stability of DNA, is referred to as:

In eukaryotes, the messenger RNA consists of the:

Which one of the following represents a standard Watson-Crick base pair interaction?

What is the central dogma?

RNA catalysis means that RNA can:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

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